4. The Need for a U.S. National Quantum Strategy
he Chinese example demonstrates that quantum computing and quantum
cybersecurity must be viewed holistically and through a strategic security lens.
Whereas the private sector has much of the economic incentive to develop a
quantum computer, market forces have not catalyzed industry to develop quantum
cybersecurity in the necessary time frame. Because the advent of a quantum
computer powerful enough to hack into asymmetric encryption threatens the power
grid, food and water supply, and defense networks, the U.S. government must take a
central role in actively developing, commercializing, and implementing effective
quantum cybersecurity measures before that happens.
Numerous factors make it difficult to predict Q-Day, when a quantum computer will
be able to tear through the encryption protecting most of America’s data. Yet if
history is any indication, this emerging technology will be here sooner rather than
later.
In addition to the bipartisan National Quantum Initiative bill discussed previously, a
draft bill was released by Senator Kamala Harris’s office calling for the Department
of Defense to fund quantum computing research. Importantly, the bill’s first
principle notes that “focused and continued investment in the development of viable
quantum information science technology is vital to national security.” It also states
that quantum communication is a critical area of development. The bill draft calls
for ensuring that the best technology is made available for U.S. defense; and
emphasizes that work should be maintained at the lowest classification level so that
information-sharing and technology-shared can continue as efficiently as possible.
55
This bill hopefully signals the beginning of an important paradigm shift, to the idea
that the national discussion on quantum technology should largely be viewed as a
conversation about national security, in which quantum computing and quantum
cybersecurity must be looked at as two halves of the whole strategy. Therefore, the
principles identified at the outset of the Harris bill should be considered and
emulated in the five-year strategic plan that would be mandated after passage of the
National Quantum Initiative Act.
The plan should do the following:
• Prioritize which assets to secure (grid, food supply, water supply, military
networks, etc.).
• Prioritize which technologies to invest in.
• Determine a timeline for such prioritized goals.
• Discuss the importance of developing standards and a timeline for doing so.
• Highlight the role of public-private-academic partnerships.
55
Quantum Computing Research Act of 2018, S. 2998, 115th Cong. (2018),
https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/2998/text.
T
20
Quantum Computing: How to Address the National Security Risk
21
• Address the issue of a trained workforce and the role of STEM education.
• Discuss the intersection of classification levels and innovation.
• Highlight the role of cooperation with allies.
A crucial element of the U.S. government’s strategy to develop quantum cybersecurity
should entail working with the closest U.S. allies, many of which are global leaders in
quantum cybersecurity, like Canada, Australia, and the UK.
Such cooperation will allow the United States and its allies to fulfill the goal of
realizing the world’s first universal quantum computer in a free, democratic society,
while effectively securing critical information in advance of the grave security threats
posed by a quantum computer.
In the race to hi-technology, authoritarian regimes have distinct advantages,
including their access to “private” data, ability to pour money into specific innovation
goals, and ability to mobilize and influence the private sector. However, as the United
States has demonstrated time and time again, the power of innovation, collaboration,
and free markets can best authoritarian regimes and ultimately lead the way to a freer
and more prosperous future.
Arthur Herman & Idalia Friedson
Dostları ilə paylaş: |