Understanding Quantum Supremacy
The term quantum supremacy is sometimes used to characterize the ability of future
quantum computers to hack into asymmetric encryption, but it is actually a term with
a very specific and narrower meaning. Quantum supremacy will be achieved when a
quantum computer is able to successfully solve a problem no classical computer can
solve, even a relatively artificial problem.
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Many experts believe that quantum supremacy will be achieved by a continuous
entanglement of approximately 50 qubits. In March 2018, Google entangled 72
qubits, although it has not yet been able to keep its qubits entangled to demonstrate
quantum supremacy.
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Though real-world applications of quantum supremacy are debatable and likely to be
limited in the near term,
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there are broader implications. Quantum computers will
have taken the first step in demonstrating that they can indeed solve problems that
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Arthur Herman, “The Computer That Could Rule the World,” Wall Street Journal, October 27, 2017,
https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-computer-that-could-rule-the-world-1509143922.
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“Modern Cybersecurity Totally Futile in Quantum Computing Era,” ABI Research, October 24, 2017
https://www.abiresearch.com/press/modern-cybersecurity-totally-futile-quantum-comput/
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Ariel Bleicher, “Quantum Algorithms Struggle against Old Foe: Clever Computers,” Quanta
Magazine, February 1, 2018, https://www.quantamagazine.org/quantum-computers-struggle-against-
classical-algorithms-20180201/.
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Tom Simonite, “Google, Alibaba Spar over Timeline for Quantum Supremacy,” Wired, May 20, 2018,
https://www.wired.com/story/google-alibaba-spar-over-timeline-for-quantum-supremacy/.
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Alexandra Ossola, “Quantum Computing Is Going to Change the World. Here’s What This Means for
You,” Futurism, January 8, 2018, https://futurism.com/quantum-computing-qa/.
Arthur Herman & Idalia Friedson
today’s classical computers cannot, not only in theory but in fact. Even so, it is
important to note that even with achieving supremacy, quantum computers will not
be able to replace classical computers outright—and will not for the foreseeable
future.
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They will, however, begin to take an increasingly leading role in the world of
computing.
Ultimately, achieving quantum supremacy will be an important milestone in
demonstrating the viability of quantum computers and in moving closer to a true
quantum prime computer.
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