Reflecting the Past Place Language and Principle in Japan s Medieval Mirror Genre
Introduction 17
In other words, most work on the
Mirrors to date treats them as histori-
cal tales, which has meant that with few exceptions, only
Mirrors that
are in Classical Japanese, about the court, and from (or reminiscent of )
the Heian period have received serious attention by scholars of literature.
45
In Japanese-language literary studies, this has resulted in a more robust
critical apparatus for those
Mirrors that have been viewed as “historical
tales”: in addition to
The Great Mirror and
The Clear Mirror , both
The New Mirror and
The Water Mirror have annotated editions and modern
Japanese translations. Moreover, each of these works has been the sub-
ject of literally hundreds of articles in Japanese.
46
Yet even now, the terms
of the conversation are often implicitly inherited from these earlier con-
ceptualizations of Japan’s literary history. For instance, Kan
ō
Shigefumi
criticizes Haga’s definition of the historical tales genre, but the analysis
Heian
Mirrors (and
The Clear Mirror ), resolving to adopt “the perspective of Japanese
historiography” and treat the works as the narrative successors to the
Six Imperial His- tories (“Rekishi toshite no kagamimono,” 301). Fukunaga Susumu’s more recent study
comparing the
Mirrors with
setsuwa is primarily focused on
The Great Mirror . On the
Mirrors as a group, he suggests that other than a shared debt to
The Great Mirror as
generic progenitor, conventions common to the works’ prefaces, and the possible sig-
nificance of their shared title designation, the other three
Mirrors (
New, Water, and
Clear ) have very little of substance in common (“Kagamimono to setsuwa,” 89).
45. Fukuda does note scholars who are exceptions to this trend and are willing to
broaden the scope of the “historical tale” to include, among other works,
The China Mirror (“Rekishi monogatari no han’i to keiretsu [jō],” 26). In a later study, he reenvi-
sions the “historical tale” category as one defined in part by a focus on imperial succes-
sion, which permits him to include
Mirror of the Gods , among other works (“Rekishi
monogatari no katarite settei,” 2). Perhaps the closest thing to an actual break from
this, however, is Kawakita Noboru’s earlier contention that the
Mirrors constitute a
distinct subset of historical tales. His discussion is limited to traditional
Mirrors and
does not include an analysis of what
Mirrors as a subgenre might signify (“Rekishi mo-
nogatari no seiritsu to tokushoku”).
46. Of course, that does not include books or chapters in edited volumes. In an
example of a text with a relatively late “arrival,” a search on Decembe
r
20, 2017, of the
National Institute of Japanese Literature’s database for
The Water Mirror yielded 192
articles, 78 of which were from 2000 or later. Even allowing for some false positives due
to works with similar names, this suggests that scholarship on
The Water Mirror is tak-
ing off. Komine earlier lamented the paucity of research on
The Water Mirror , attribut-
ing it to the “low estimation in which it is held because of its dearth of literary interest”
(“Chūsei no rekishi jojutsu,” 162).