144
Containing China
readership. He first opines that it “could have been for the education of
nobility” or “written at their behest,” before suggesting that “its original
target reader might have been Imperial Prince–Shogun Munetaka.”
15
Eventually, however, considering it within the context of Eastern warriors’
demands, he concludes that
The China Mirror
may well have been writ-
ten with warriors’ needs in mind.
16
With Tonomura Hisae reaching a sim-
ilar conclusion about a warrior readership, it seems reasonable to think
of the work as one that resonated strongly with Kamakura concerns.
17
Shigenori’s tenure in Kamakura concluded in 1264, but he main-
tained ties to the east after his return to Kyoto.
18
Indeed, his last brief
trip there took place in 1287, when he was in his eighties; in 1294, he took
the tonsure, at which point he vanishes from the record.
19
As Ogawa dem-
onstrates, however, these connections with
an eastern base outlived
Shigenori: his descendants also used the east and their ties to its warriors
as an alternative power base, enjoying professional successes as a result.
20
Using similar reasoning, Tonomura has even gone so far as to suggest the
involvement of Shigenori’s “house” in the later composition of
The Mir-
ror of the East
.
21
This multigenerational connection with the eastern war-
rior elite suggests a level of commitment to the east that reinforces the
idea that
The China Mirror
was written at least in part with an eye to a
warrior audience.
Forging a link between biography and creative content, Shigenori’s
experience seems to have occasioned at least one change to the basic prem-
ise of the
Mirror
genre. Shigenori sets
The China Mirror
away from the
15. Ogawa Takeo, “Fujiwara no Shigenori-den no kōsatsu,” 32. Nevertheless, in
Hirasawa Gorō’s catalogue of works that refer to
The China Mirror
, it appears in the
fifteenth-century diary of Tonsured Prince Sadafusa (the
Kanmon gyoki
), the
Taishiden
gyokurin shō
(written in the early fifteenth century), and the courtier diary
Nobutane-
kyō ki
(late fifteenth or early sixteenth century). As Hirasawa’s
work indicates,
The
China Mirror
’s appearance in the two court diaries suggests that it enjoyed at least some
prestige (“
Kara kagami
no denpon oyobi shutten kō,” 310–12). It is clearly not being read
only by warriors.
16. Ogawa Takeo, “Fujiwara no Shigenori-den no kōsatsu,” 36.
17. Tonomura, “Kamakura bushi to Chūgoku koji,” 112.
18. Ogawa Takeo, “Fujiwara no Shigenori-den no kōsatsu,” 32–33.
19. Ogawa Takeo, “Fujiwara no Shigenori-den no kōsatsu,” 34.
20. Ogawa Takeo, “Fujiwara no Shigenori-den no kōsatsu,” 35.
21. Tonomura, “Kamakura bushi to Chūgoku koji,” 115.
The Continent as Object of Knowledge
145
capital in Dazaifu (modern-day Ky
ū
sh
ū
), a traditional
site of courtier ex-
ile. In other words, the temporary physical relocation of Shigenori to
Kamakura coincides with both a literal and a narrative uncoupling of
Mirror
writing from former sites of authority and, perhaps, audience.
While the authors of the earlier
Mirrors
(to the extent that they are known)
were based in or near the capital, Shigenori has been sent to the east, to
the site of the warrior government. His resulting
Mirror
is a work that
explores a new seat of power in geographic and thematic terms.
Indeed, as becomes clear in the remainder of this chapter,
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