3. Conclusion
Illustrating the past through symbols and associating it with a book, whose analysis can
offer different interpretations, Graham Swift’s Last Orders shows its condition of a
postmodernist and metafictional novel. The past, represented by the figure of Jack Dodds, a dead
man perceived as a living presence, is associated with his symbolic book of life the living
characters should remember, reread and understand. The past is the characters’ main object of
interest and analysis calling for their unity of vision in terms of their obligations towards it.
Reviewing Jack’s symbolic book of life, all of them come to appreciate the importance of the past
in their lives, carrying out their obligations towards it. Nevertheless, the past is open to the
readers’ analysis and different interpretations as they are invited to ponder on it and decipher its
symbols in order to make sense of its immortal values, dreams and truth.
References
Currie, Mark. 1998. Postmodern Narrative Theory. New York: Palgrave.
Holmes, Frederick M. 1997. The Historical Imagination: Postmodernism and the Treatment of the Past in
Contemporary British Fiction. Founding Editor: Samuel L. Macey. General Editor: Robert M. Schuler.
English Literary Studies Monograph Series, No. 73. Victoria: University of Victoria.
Hutcheon, Linda. 1988. A Poetics of Postmodernism. History, Theory, Fiction. New York and London: Routledge.
Hutcheon, Linda. 2002 (1989). The Politics of Postmodernism. 2
nd
Edition. London and New York: Routledge.
McHale, Brian. 1987.
Postmodernist Fiction. London and New York: Routledge.
Swift, Graham. 1996. Last Orders. London: Picador.
Waugh, Patricia. 1984. Metafiction. The Theory and Practice of Self-Conscious Fiction. London and New York:
Routledge.
Note on the author
Elisabeta Simona CATANĂ is Lecturer of English at the Department of Communication in
Modern Languages in the Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Romania. She holds a PhD in
Philology awarded by the West University of Timişoara in 2010. She has participated in many
international conferences and her published papers include essays on literary topics, on English
language teaching and e-learning.