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IJCRT2205067
www.ijcrt.org
© 2022 IJCRT | Volume 10, Issue 5 May 2022 | ISSN: 2320-2882
IJCRT2205067
International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT)
www.ijcrt.org
a557
The second phase of Romanticism, starting from the period 1805 to the 1830s was marked
by a fast-growing cultural nationalism and a new center of attraction towards the national
origins, along with the collection and imitation of native folklore, folk ballads and poetry,
folk dance and music and even previously ignored medieval and the Renaissance works. The
revived historical acknowledgment was translated into imaginative writing by Sir Walter
Scott, who is very often accepted to have invented the historical novel. At about this same
time English Romantic poetry had reached its pinnacle in the works of Percy Bysshe
Shelley, John Keats, and Lord Byron.
A notable by-product of the Romantic interest in the emotions were works dealing with the
supernatural, the weird, and the horrible, as in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and works by
Charles Robert Maturin, the Marquis de Sade, and E.T.A. Hoffmann. The second phase of
Romanticism in Germany was dominated by Achim von Arnim, Clemens Brentano, Joseph
von Görres, and Joseph von Eichendorff.
By the 1820s Romanticism had broadened its area to embrace the literature of entire Europe.
Later in the second phase, the movement was less universal in approach and concentrated
more on exploring each nation’s cultural and historical inheritance and on examining the
passions and struggles of exceptional individuals. A brief survey of Romantic influenced
writers would include Thomas De Quincey, William Hazlitt, and Charlotte, Emily, and Anne
Brontë in England; Victor Hugo, Alfred de Vigny, Alphonse de Lamartine, Alfred de
Musset, Stendhal, Prosper Mérimée, Alexandre Dumas and Théophile Gautier in France;
Alessandro Manzoni and Giacomo Leopardi in Italy; Aleksandr Pushkin and Mikhail
Lermontov in Russia; José de Espronceda and Ángel de Saavedra in Spain; Adam
Mickiewicz in Poland and almost all of the important writers in pre-Civil War America.
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