Şamaxi soyqirimi (1918 –ci IL) baki 2011
Part of the villages, where Armenians committ ed massacre in
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Part of the villages, where Armenians committ ed massacre in
1918, falls in Ismayilli region. The following information posted in www.ismayilli.aztelekom. org proves it: Records on Ismayilli region Victims of 1918 massacre Name of the villages Total Male Female Children 1 Tirjan 360 300 40 20 2 Muju 225 150 50 25 3 Bizlan 100 50 30 20 4 Gichatan 71 30 20 21 5 Sulut 43 38 1 4 6 Zeyve 82 30 20 32 7 Taglabyan 36 7 22 7 8 Kurduvan 22 10 5 7 9 Zarnava 49 40 4 5 10 Khankendi 20 12 8 0 11 Serdahar 28 26 1 1 12 Machakhı 8 - - - 13 Kurtmashı 68 - - - 14 Diyallı 36 - - - 15 Talıstan 24 - - - Since the 1990s, local researchers of Shamakhi region made great endeavor to specify the number of people who were killed in the March-April 1918 massacre. As the result of their research (memo- 91 rial and information gathered from close to hundred witnesses) it was determined that roughly 14-16 thousand in Shamakhi, while 6-8 thousand people were killed in 40 villages (today the villages in the territory of Shamakhi and Gobustan regions) by the Arme- nian criminals with the leadership of S.Shaumyan, S. Lalayan, Z. Arestisyan, T.Amirov and A.Amiryan brothers and participation of local supporters. More than 18 thousand people were displaced from Shamakhi city andfrom its villages. Sources indicate that 58 villages were destroyed and burnt. Some names of the villages, where the tragedy broke out, do not appear in the list. Once we include the same villages to the list, it becomes clear that roughly 90 villages of Shamakhi district and more than 40 villages of Sha- makhi region were subject to the tragedy. (33) As an example of what kind of atrocities Armenians committ ed not only in Shamakhi city, but also in the rural areaswe can pres- ent Angakharan village. Armenians had sudden att ack to Angakharan in the morning of March 18. They surrounded the village, destroyed and burnt it, and took the remaining part as hostages. The children of those who were in captivity were taken to the Azerbaij ani village of Mal- ham and were kept there. 88 males were taken to Chukhuryurd village. They shot dead some of them prior to arrival to the village. They sent the rest of the hostages to the Armenian headquarters in Madrasa village. On the way, two of them were killed as well. Only 74 Azerbaij anis reached the village safe and sound. When the armed forces, coming from Ganja, arrived in Shamakhi, and when the people in Angekharan came to Madrasa village to get know about their relatives, they witnessed that the hostages had been killed with great atrocities. Ears, noses, hands and legs of corpses were cut off , there were many traces of burning fi re on their chests, which proved that the Armenians made a fi re on their 92 chests even when they were still alive. In addition, many of those who managed to escape from dilapidated villages were ultimately perished as the result of hunger, coldness and disease. The list made up on the basis of testimonies of witnesses relat- ed to atrocities committ ed by Armenians name 237 civilians. (34) Once the Shamakhi resident Movsumbey Sadigbeyov was ques- tioned by the Emergency Investigation Commission of the Gov- ernment of Azerbaij an, he mentioned that when he was still in Kurdamir he had heard that since the beginning of January Arme- nians had brought a two-cart full ammunition to Madrasa village. The testimony of another Shamakhi resident Mahiyyeddin Efendi was as the follows: “when the Armenians shelled the city with machine guns people went out. A few hours later, Arme- nians att acked houses, burnt them and shot people dead. This slaughter was led by Gavril, Garaoglanov, Gulbendov, head of the postal-telegraph department, Garamanov, barber Samvel, barber Ovanes, Stepan Lalayev, Madrasali Sidrakand by many others. Azerbaij anis who fl ed from Shamakhi took refuge in Kurdamir and Ganja and addressed relevant institutions in order to save those who were in Armenian captivity. On March 28, Ismail Khan Ziyadkhanov entered Shamakhi in a small group. Armenians, be- ing afraid of clashes, retreated to Gozluchay village and began to take forces. Ismail Khan waited two days and required the surrender of Armenians who were gathered in the village of Gozluchay. Aft er that, the balance of forces swapped and therefore Ismail Khan had to withdraw Shamakhiat the same day. Aft er six days, the Arme- nians began to continue their atrocities in Shamakhi again. S. Afandiyev, who was the witness of the event, notes that it was impossible to move aroundas the corpses were laying every- where. I saw the corpses of Muslims who were killed with enor- 93 mous brutalities. But I will never forget especially one scene, where half-split corpse of a 3-4 year old kid, was laid on the corpses of male and female. (35) Comparative analysis of the number of people in Shamakhi enables to elicit the truth on anti-Muslim policy carried out by the Tsarist and Bolshevik Russia. If 24 thousand families lived in Shamakhikhanate in 1811 and 15 thousand in Shamakhi district in 1918, the number declined by 1700 in 1921, which prove the large- scale atrocities committ ed in the region. (36) Those who escaped from Shamakhi massacre headed to the center of Goychay district. Since the survived people, suff ering from hunger and coldness, used the water of the so-called Garasu, they got caught the disease and eventually massively died. Al- though the well-known poet of Azerbaij an Abbas Sahat survived the Shamakhimassacre, he suff ered from hunger and coldness, and ultimately he died at the same year. Liberation of Shamakhi and Baku, secret talks of inter- national forces with Russia against Azerbaij an and Tur- key, support of leaders oft he Entente and the Union of Three Forces to the enemy coincide with tense situation. Aft er the collapse of the Baku Soviet, Sentrokaspi dictatorship, composed of eser-dashnak-menshevik, was established in Baku in August 1, 1918 with the participation of the British consul Mac- Donel under the chairmanship of A.Arakelyan, chairman of the Presidium. Arrival of the British forces with 1500 soldiers to Baku, under the command of the colonel Stocks and general Denstervil,with the invitation of the same institution in August 4 and 18 and the additional agreement to the Brest treaty signed between Germany and the Soviet Russiain August 27, 1918 prove it. Part IV of this agreement stipulates the following terms with regard to the Cau- casus: 1) Russia will accept recognition of independent Georgia by Germans; 2) Germany will under no circumstances render a military as- sistance outside the territory of Georgia and/or to the third country within the territory, which was defi ned by Turkish Brest -Litovsk- treaty; 3) Germany will take a serious measures once any third country passes the borders of Shamakhi and Baku districts; 4) Russia will send to Germany one-third of the revenue of the extracted oil from Baku or special monthly percent of the revenue. (37) Despite these challenges, Shamakhi was liberated aft er the bloody fi ghts in Ujar, Mususllu, Goychay, Garameryem, Kurd- amir, Akhsu in the period of June 6 and July 20, 1918. Although there was a severe rain in July 19, XIII forces of Caucasian Islamic Army liberated Shamakhi from the enemy at 6 a.m. in July 20 aft er they freed Goylar, Chukhanli, Malik, Chobanli and Merez villages. Presence of one offi cer and four British soldiers among the hos- tages prove that even before the establishment of Sentrokaspy dic- tatorship and prior to the arrival of the British to Baku, British military rendered military assistance confi dentially to the Bolshe- vik–Armenian forces against the Caucasian IslamicArmy. (38) Once the Turkish Caucasian IslamicArmy with Azerbaij ani military forces approached to Baku in August–September 1918, the Bolshevik commissar and leaders of Sentrokaspydictatorship stole millions of manat from the Baku bank while fl eeing. How- ever, they failed to rob jewelry in 8 boxes and in 2 sacks. Later, Azerbaij ani government confi scated them, and although it was in a great need, it established a special commission to return the jew- elry to their owners. (39) 94 95 Aft er the liberation of Baku, Azerbaij ani government addressed to the nation in September 17, 1918. The head of the government, F. Khoysky, noted in his address: “Muslims were killed, abused and were looted… aft er 3 days fi ght, the city was freed, people and army entered the city being furious … the government en- tered the city aft er 3 days. Aft er the arrival of the government, the address was made on behalf of the Azerbaij ani government to the people in Baku and in its suburbs. The address specifi es that all citizens, living in Azerbaij an, regardless of nationality and language possess equal- ity, and their life, property and rights will be protected, and those who violate the public order, will be punished.” (40) The address of the government once again proves that the Azerbaij an Democratic Republic was civil and legal state unlike the Bolshevik–Dashnak regime. N. Nerimanov wrote about the Shamakhi massacre: “aft er the return from Shamakh… M.Azizbeyov told me the tragedy in tears. Previously located armed forces of T. Amirov and S. Lalayev in Baku killed all Azerbaij anis regardless of age and sex; they com- mitt ed unprecedented crime in the world, they killed children with a sword, and burnt people putt ing them together in the mosque. It became clear to me that the Soviet government depended on Dashnaks in Baku. Evidently, aft er all these atrocities to Azerbai- jani population by Armenian gangs, Azerbaij ani proletariat had the right to receive assistance from Turkey and from national bour- geoisie and showing its backside to the Soviet government.” (41) During the Azerbaij an Democratic Republic (May 1918–April 1920) March 31of 1919 and 1920 was marked as a National Mourn- ing day. Numerous terrible facts were presented in “Azerbaij an” newspaper, published in this period, on Armenian atrocities to Azerbaij anis. The witness of these horrible days, German A. Y. 96 Kluge, wrote that Armenians att acked the Muslim (Azerbaij ani) streets and killed them with brutality. Aft er a few days of this mas- sacre 87 Azerbaij ani corpses were uncovered and their ears and noses were cat off , bellies were torn, sex organs were cut off . Ar- menians did not show any mercy to the kids and to the old. M. A. Rasulzade wrote referring to A. Y. Kluge: “The photos taken by Kluge and other foreigners, which exist today as memories of those days, clearly describe the tragedy. The shepherd dogs ab- sorbed bulk of corpses of kids… and naked women laid dead on the ground…alive baby sucks dried gland of a dead mother...” “Is- tiqlal newspaper published in Munchen under the leadership of M. A. Rasulzade dedicated its XXXI number, dated Aprel 1, 1933, entirely to 15 anniversary of the 1918 massacre. (42) M. A. Rasulzade wrote about Shamakhi tragedy: “The old capi- tal of Shirvanshakh was att acked and the historical mosque was destroyed... like Shamakhi Lenkeran, Salyan, Guba, Nevahi and Kurdemir were undergone to this tragedy. Even the description of the destroyed property, abuse, killing of the old and looting is tragedy”. (43) The address of the chairman of the Emergency Investigation Commission, Alakbarbey Khasmamadov, to Azerbaij ani nation with regard to assistance to the people in Shamakhi, who were in diffi cult situation, was published in “Azerbaij an” newspaper in the anniversary of March events in March 31, 1919. The address reads: “The miserable people are in need of great help. They have been deprived of almost everything even they have no strength to ask for assistance. However, they will not survive unless there is any assistance. Namely those who are engaged in grain cultiva- tion were deprived of husbandry, labor tools and of seeds. There are villages that even do not possess any cow or hen… diseases emanating from famine and coldness destroy a number of people 97 every day. Obviously our government, which att aches great im- portance to improvement of well-being of people, will assist to the people of Shamakhi who suff ered more. But this assistance does not release any citizen, especially any Muslim, of moral duty and citizen obligation to help the people of Shirvan, which has histori- cal traditions that faced death threat. Muslim citizens, do save the people of Shamakhi who face death threat!” Aft er this address, despite the diffi cult situation, att ention and care began to increase to Shamakhi people from the diff erent re- gions of Azerbaij an along with the government. Most importantly,the 1918 events were refl ected in the literature regardless of the Soviet censorship. Uzeyir Hajibayov, Mahammed Hadi, Mirze Bala Mammedzade, Ibrahim Khelil and other intel- lectuals created diff erent works on this issue. Along with other works, JafarJabbarli wrote the story (Ahmad and Gumru) that dealt with two Shamakhi youth. The story is related to Shamakhi youth’ love and to the March events that brought about tragedies to this innocent youth. The work depicts that Ahmad and Gumru, having their parents been killed by Armenian gangsters and their houses brunt, meet in front of Ismailiyye building in a miserable condition. Having known each other in diffi culty aft er being in tragedy and deprivation and the calling “wounded, disabled Sha- makhi hostage”, they could not hug each other because Armenian criminals had cut off their arms. (44) The Emergency Investigation Commission had already proved that the main criminals of Shamakhi massacre were Stephan Lalayev, born in Shamakhiand lived in Baku, Shamakhi residents Gavril Karaoglanov, Arshak Gulbandiyan, Mikhayil Arzumanov, Karaped Karamanov, Armenak Marterosyants, Aleksandr Kha- chaturov, Michail Khajaturov who were composed of 31 persons. The research materials constitute 7 volume, 925 pages collected 98 by the commission on the genocide committ ed by Armenians in Shamakhi and in its villages play a crucial importance in exposing Armenian crimes. Along with Shamakhi, the Emergency Investigation Commis- sion had also explored the atrocities committ ed by Armenians in Jengi, Garavelli, Garbujag, Musafali, Khelil–Gasimbey, Arab-Me- hdibeyli villages, and moreover in Sultanov and Sadali residents of Kurdamir and Goychay districts. The research did also clarify that Armenians had burnt 5 hous- es, 127 residents, 2 mosques and rich library on “Koran” interpre- tation in Kurdamir. (45) Azerbaij ani delegation had used part of the materials of the Emergency Investigation Commission in the Paris Peace Confer- ence. In addition, part of the materials of the Commission was pub- lishedin French as 73 pages “documents on Armenian atrocities against the Muslim population” in 1919 in Istanbul. This wasthe fi rst att empt to disseminate the truth to the world community and it played an important role at that time. In the Paris Peace Con- ference, the head of the Azerbaij ani delegation, A. Topchubashov, submitt ed the materials of the Emergency Investigation Commis- sion to the U.S. president W. Wilson in May 28, 1919. Later the U.S. delegation was sent to the South Caucasus to collect impar- tial information. The general Harbor, sent by the U.S. to Baku in summer of 1919, met with many people to gather impartial in- formation. The Armenian representative bishop Bagrat made an att empt to deny involvement of Armenians in the March events. In general, Russian and Armenian organizations functioning in Baku made an obstacle to and put a pressure on the work of the Emergency Investigation Commission. However, the Commission managed to do much work in the short run despite the constraints and challenges. 99 The Emergency Investigation Commission that operated a year and a half gathered 35 volumes, 3500 pages materials on crimes committ ed by Armenians working under the fl ag of diff erent political nationalist parties. On the basis of these documents 128 reports were made up and 194 persons were sued. In addition, it was impossible to sue many criminals due to diff erent reasons although their names were made public. Furthermore, the Com- mission made up 6 volumes additional documents, composed of 95 photo album, and 80 slides in order to send to the Azerbaij ani delegation in Paris. Regretfully, immediately aft er the de-facto recognition of Azer- baij ani independence, the law on amnesty, adopted in February 2, 1920 by the Parliament of the Azerbaij an Democratic Republic with the pressure of western countries, prevented punishment of criminals sued with regard to the 1918 genocide.The second ar- ticle of the law stipulates that “those who were sued due to crimes on national hostility” are released of punishment and persecution. According the article 10, all the cases were permanently annulled raised as an outcome of the research of the Emergency Investiga- tion Commission. Although few of the criminals, 194 of them were sued as a result of the hard work of the Emergency Investigation Commission, all of them were released aft er the adoption of the amnesty law. Even the money of those who were released by pay- ing compensation was returned. However, Stephan Lalayan, who headed the atrocities in Shamakhi, could not survive; he died in custody. (46) Shamakhi massacre plays a crucial role since today there is a fi ght against terrorism in the international arena. Therefore, these facts should be thoroughly and impartially explored, and the truth should be disseminated to the world community. 100 Currently, signifi cant work is done towards the study and dis- semination of the 1918 genocide to the international communi- ty. Att empt to falsify the 1918 March genocide in writings of some Armenian and Russian authors and endeavor to confuse the in- ternational community further stimulates this issue. Russians did even made fabricated cartoons, such as“three Heroes and Shamak- hi tsarina”that dealt with love between the king of Kiev Russian state and daughter of Shamakhi king. Regretfully, the communists reiterated mistakes made by the followers that served the enemy in 1918–1920 even aft er the political assessment of the 1918 March events in a state level. They tried to blur public opinion by writing a book, such as “the year 1917 and Azerbaij an”, and by putt ing diff erent false materials into the webpage www.kommunist.az. These persons make unsuccessful eff orts to bring false opinions, writt en on the 1918 events during the Soviet period, to the agenda, and support criminals who killed thousands of Azerbaij ani civil- ians. By doing this, they do not even understand the treason done to their nation. Presence of such att empts in the international arena stipulates further expansion of research on the 1918 events. Discovery of new facts in this sphere as a result of the research done recently plays a signifi cant role in exposing criminals. One of the new facts is the discovery of massive graves of 1918 which were uncovered by accident while construction of city sta- dium in Guba in 2007. There is a great possibility that such mas- sive graves exist in Shamakhi region as well. The sources of the Soviet period, where archeological excavations were carried out in the historically rich Shamakhi, do not indicate any information about existence of such massive graves which in fact do not coin- Conclusion 101 cide with the policy of the communist regime to gather facts on the 1918 massacres. Therefore, there is a great need to expand ar- cheological excavations in the former Shamakhi district in order to att ain new facts on Armenian atrocities of 1918. Reportedly, Sha- makhi residents killed in 1918 by Armenian criminals were buried in Kalakhana and Suleyman valley, and fi nding massive graves in future as the result of archeological excavations in these areas are not necessarily ruled out. Modern researches prove that Armenians not only committ ed crimes against Muslim population but also to national minori- ties, such as Jews and Germans in the 1918 massacres. During this period 3 thousand Jews were killed by Armenians. Defi ning the identities of 104 killed Jews as a result of recent researches, representative of the Red Sett lement of GubaRegional Authority, IsakovPisakhDavidovich, submitt ed the list of 104 Mountainous Jews, killed during the massacres by Armenians in diff erent re- gions of Azerbaij an in 1918, along with 18 Jews of the Red Set- tlement, to the Prosecutor’s offi ce. Amazasp headed the massive killing of Jews. The killed Jews were thrown to the so-called Shi- miholes. (48) According to the memories of baronGresKremsenshtain, head commander of German Forces in the Caucasus region in 1918, in his book “My Caucasus Mission”, Armenians had killed 400 Ger- man civilians with no reason in Yekaterinfeld village of Barchali in December 1918, and had buried them in the well in the adjacent area to the village. (49) Currently, the conduct of propaganda in this sphere and erecting genocidal monuments of 1918 in diff erent sett lements, including in Shamakhi should be highly valued. One of the important works done in this area is the fi lming of Turkish prestigious “A” channel of the genocide by the Bolshevik–Armenian forces in March 1918 102 in three parts. (50) However there is an enormous need to increase the activity in this sphere. The researches prove that the massacre was committ ed by Ar- menians in most of the regions of Azerbaij an in 1918. If one part of the genocide was studied, however another part is not yet ex- amined. Therefore, there is an immense need to explore the crimes of Armenians in Kurdamir, Goychay, Hajigabul, Salyan, Nefcha- la, along with Baki, Shamakhi, Guba, Zengezur, Garabag and Nakhchivan. One of the unexplored regions, which undergone to Armenian atrocities, is Tataramehelle, Uzunbabali, Garamalli, Kh- illi, Banka villages of Nefchala region. (51) The question is how many people were victims of the 1918 mas- sacres in diff erent regions of Azerbaij an? Is there exact informa- tion about the victims? British brigade general R. Gorton described 20000 victims in his document sent to London in December 8, 1918. Likewise, R. Mustafazade indicated 20000 in his book. However, A.Balayev specifi ed 30000 victims, so did the document of the Emergency Investigation Commission. Whereas, the book published by the Parliament of the Republic of Azerbaij an notes that 50000 Muslims were undergone massacres. (52) But facts indicate that there is a great likelihood that more victims will be disclosed as long as the researches are continued to carry out. The crimes committ ed by Armenians towards civilians in all periods, including in 1918 are tantamount to the Holocaust against Jews in 1933–1945. The director oft he Holocaust Research in Ukraine Analoty Podolsky remarked on the massacre that Azer- baij anis undergone in 1918: “This massacre was conducted by the hands of Armenians while establishing the Soviet government by force. Today the realities should be expressed on this massacre”. (53) 103 Michael Smith writes in his “Memories on Lost People and the Azerbaij ani society” that there are three mourning days that exist in the calendar of Azerbaij an–the genocide day of Azerbaij anis in 31 March of 1918, “Holocaust” day in Khodjali in 26 February of 1992 and the 20 black January of 1990. These tragedies took place mainly because we forget our his- tory. The history of the nation that forgets its own history is re- peated. If the 1918 events were not removed from memories of Azerbaij ani nation by false history of the 70 year long Commu- nist regime and if the park by name S. M. Kirov was not placed where thousands of civilians of 1918 March massacres lay under the ground, then black January of 1990 and Khodjali tragedy of 1992 would not happen. If we were not indiff erent to the destiny of displaced people in Baku, Shamakhi, Guba and in other places in 1918, then today we would not encounter the problem of more than one million refugees and displaced persons. In order to prevent the threats on time and avoid new tragedies in future, we should thoroughly study the history and take lessons from it. 104 1. History of Azerbaij an, 3 volumes, III volume, Baku: Science, 1973, p. 147. (originally in Azerbaij ani) 2. Z. Bunyadov, Legend and those who made up legends, “Azer- baij an” newspaper, November 6, 1989; a bit on Baku and the Baku Commissars,”History” newspaper, November 15, 1990; on a falsi- fi ed fi gure 26, “History” newspaper, April 10, 1992; March 1918 genocide against the Azerbaij ani people: 3 volumes collection of documents, I volume, the real history of “the 26 Baku Commissars” Baku: Chashioglu, 2009, p. 776; Zulfugarli M.P. the 26 were the en- emy of our people, “Haray” newspaper, April 22, 1992; New facts on M. Azizbeyov’s activity against the nation, “Edalet” newspaper, 06. 10. 2004; Another falsifi ed page of our history-the Baku Com- mune, “Salam” newspaper, 05.05.2007; (originally in Azerbaij ani) 3. Zulfugarli M.P. 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Milletnewspaper, March 17, 2003 (originally in Azerbai- jani); Lessons from March massacre (1918-2005), “Edalet” news- paper, 24.03.05; I.Mirzabayli. 1918 Shamakhi genocide with great atrocities, Khalg newspaper, March 31, 2005 (originally in Azerbai- jani); R.Rzayeva, Bloody pages of the 1918 massacre, Khalg news- paper, March 27, 2007 (originally in Azerbaij ani); H.M.Talishli, the 1918 genocide in Lankaran, “Respublika” newspaper, March 29, 2007 (originally in Azerbaij ani); Kh.Mammadov, the 1918 March genocide committ ed by Armenians in Baku, Respublika, March 31, 2007 (originally in Azerbaij ani); V. Imanov, there are enough docu- ments in archives confi rming the genocide of Azerbaij anis, Khalg newspaper, April 1, 2007 (originally in Azerbaij ani); 8. Denstervil (General Major), British imperialism in Baku and Persia, 1917-1918, Memoirs (originally in English, Rudenco), Tbilisi: Soviet Caucasus, 1925, p. 281 (originally in Russian); F. Kazimzadeh, the Struggle for Transcaucasus (1917-1921), New York, 1951 (origi- nally in English); T. Swetihovski, Russia and Azerbaij an,borderland in transition, New York, 1955 (originally in English); T. Swetihovs- ki. Brian Collins. Historical dictionary of Azerbaij an, London, 1999 (originally in English); R. Suny, the Baku Commune, 1917–1918. Class and Nationality in the Russian Revolution, Princeton, 1972 108 (originally in English); Alstadt Andrey, Azerbaij ani Turks: Power and Identity under the Russian Rule, Stanford, 1992 (originally in English). K. McCarthy, Turks and Armenians. Baku: Azerneshr, 1996, p. 158. M. Smith, Monument on losses and Azerbaij ani society, 2000 (originally in Russian) and so forth. 9. History of Azerbaij an, Fromthe ancient times until XX centu- ry, Baku, 1994, p. 280. (originally in Azerbaij ani) 10. History of Azerbaij an, from the past until 1870, Baku, 1996, p. 213, 468, 474, 553-554. (originally in Azerbaij ani) 11. Kh. Verdieva, R. Guseynzade, “Pedigree” of Armenians and their migration to the Caucasus, Baku, 2003, p. 78. (originally in Russian) 12. N.N.Shavrov, Threat to the Russian aff airs in the Transcauca- sia: Selling of Mugan to the foreigners in years to come, Baku: Sci- ence, 1990, p. 64. (originally in Russian) 13. F.Khalilli, History of Shamakhi–museum of regional stud- ies, Baku, 2009, p. 135- 136. (originally in Azerbaij ani) 14. V.F.Maevsky, Armenian-Tatar revolt in the Caucasus as one of the phases of Armenian issue, Baku, 1993, p. 29. (originally in Russian) 15. U.Hajibeyov, Selected works, Baku 1985, p.73, 615; “Irshad” newspaper, March 7, 1907. (originally in Azerbaij ani) 16. M.E.Rasulzade, Contemporary History of Azerbaij an, Baku, youth, 1991, p. 2. (originally in Azerbaij ani) 17. “March massacre”, “Azerbaij an”, a special edition of the newspaper, № 11, March 1993. (originally in Azerbaij ani) 18. Democratic Republic of Azerbaij an, archival documents of Great Britain, Baku, 2008, p. 183. (originally in Russian) 19. A. Pashayev, on the traces of unopened pages, Baku, 2001, p. 228. (originally in Azerbaij ani) 20. Democratic Republic of Azerbaij an, archival documents of 109 Great Britain, Baku, 2008, p. 178. (originally in Azerbaij ani) 21. A. Iskandarov, History of the 1918 March massacre, Baku: Muterjim, 1997, p. 110-111. (originally in Azerbaij ani) 22. “Communist” (Yerevan), August 26, 1989, № 199. (originally in Russian) 23. “The newspaper of information of Caucasus District Center Soviet of Worker’s and Soldiers deputies and Tbilisi Soviet of Work- er’s and Soldier’s deputies”, diff erent years, № 72, 1918 (originally in Russian); V.Sh.Abishov, Genocide of Azerbaij anis, 1918-1920. Baku: Gartal, 2001, p. 106. (originally in Azerbaij ani) 24. E.A.Tokarjevskiy, History of foreign intervention and civil war in Azerbaij an, Baku: published by Academy of Sciences, SSR, 1957, p. 55. (originally in Russian) 25. Soviet Totalitarism in the Caucasus (1920 –1930s), Materials of scientifi c conference, Khazar University on November 6-7, 1998, Baku, 1998, p. 18-20. (originally in Azerbaij ani) 26. Z.M.Bunyadov, “Red Terror”, Baku 1993, p. 3, (originally in Azerbaij ani). 27. “Azerbaij an” newspaper, October 21, 1918, (originally in Azerbaij ani). 28. M.G.Seidov, Armenian Vandalism, Novosibirsk, 2010, p. 100, (in Azerbaij ani, Russian and English) 29. D.P.Guliyev, History is the witness, 1918-1920 events in to- day’s eyes: facts and interpretations, Life, Baku, 22 May 1992, № 100 (originally in Azerbaij ani); Central State Archive of Azerbaij an SSR October Revolution, fond 261, list 1, case 105, p. 102-103 (originally in Russian). 30. Terrible pages of our history: Genocide (in Azerbaij ani and in English) publication of the Parliament of the Republic of Azer- baij an, Baku, 2000, p. 21. Central State Archive of Azerbaij an SSR October Revolution, fond 261, list 1, case 105, p. 102-103. (originally 110 in Russian) 31. See: Rustamova-Togidi Solmaz Ali, “Guba, March-April 1918, Muslim massacre in documents”, Baku, 2010, p. 64 (originally in Russian); A. Pashayev, on the traces of unopened pages, Baku: Azerbaij ani Publishing House, 2001, p. 229 (originally in Azerbai- jani); A.Iskandarov, 1918-1920 Turkish-Muslim genocide, “Azerbai- jan” newspaper, 31.03.2009 (originally in Azerbaij ani); S.H.Ganiyev, 1918 Shamakhi genocide, Baku, 2003, p.135-136 (originally in Azer- baij ani); Existing archival materials on atrocities of Armenians in Shamakhi district (1918). State Archive of Azerbaij an Republic, fond 1061, list 2, case 85, 87, 100; case №3, fond 1061, list 1; fond 1061, list 1, case 11, p. 65. (originally in Azerbaij ani) 32. See: Offi ce of the President of the Republic of Azerbaij an, Presidential Library, Genocide of Azerbaij anis and their deporta- tion, Baku, 2010, p. 86-87; (originally in Azerbaij ani) 33. See: S.H.Ganiyev, 1918 Shamakhi genocide, Baku, 2003, p.67- 68; www.shamaxi-mks.az. (originally in Azerbaij ani) 34. A. Pashayev, On the traces of unopened pages, Baku: Azer- baij ani Publishing House, 2001, p. 229; (See: State Archive of Azer- baij an Republic, fond 1061, list 1, case 100, p. 19–24, (originally in Azerbaij ani). 35. V.Arzumanli, V.Habiboglu, K.Mukhtarov, 1918 Massa- cres, Historical researches, Baku, 1995, p. 21-34, (originally in Azer- baij ani). 36. “New East”, 1922, part 3, p.184; F.G.Kocherli, Karabakh, Baku, 2002, p. 128; ElchinGaliboglu, “Armenians committ ed genocide against our compatriots in the south of Azerbaij an”, “Popular Front” March 31, 2009, (originally in Azerbaij ani) 37. A.Goryanin, A.Sevastyanov, to the Russian on Azerbaij an and Azerbaij anis, Moscow, 2009, p.23 (originally in Russian); V.Sh. Abishov, Genocide of Azerbaij anis, 1918-1920, Baku: Eagle, 2001, 111 p.128, (originally in Azerbaij ani). 38. M.Suleymanov, Caucasian Islamic Army, p. 324, N. Yuceer, Liberation of Baku by the Caucasian Islamic Army, p. 333, (originally in Azerbaij ani). 39. Rustamova-Togidi S., it should not be forgott en, “Zerkalo” newspaper, March 30 2008 (originally in Russian). 40. M.P.Zulfugarli, Who has done to Azerbaij an? (May 1918-Oc- tober 2003). Baku 2006, p.28, (originally in Azerbaij ani). 41. “Land of fi res” newspaper, April 8-9, 1990, (originally in Azerbaij ani). 42. Istiglal newspaper, (Munich), April 1, 1933, № 31, (originally in Azerbaij ani). 43. M.A.Rasulzade, Republic of Azerbaij an, Baku: Science, 1990, p. 37, (originally in Azerbaij ani). 44. A.Rustamli, “Genocide of Azerbaij anisin literature (March 1918) ”; Bizim Esr newspaper, April 1, 2003, (originally in Azerbai- jani). 45. S. Abdulbagieva, 1918 March Genocide, Bakinsky rabochy newspaper, March 30, 2010, (originally in Russian). 46. Rustamova-Togidi S., it should not be forgott en, “Zerkalo” newspaper, March 30 2008, (originally in Russian). 47. M.S.Goncharov, Armenians and Malakans in 1918 Shamakhi events, 2009; T.N.Smolnikov, response to the article, “it should not be forgott en” doctor of historical sciences, Rustamova-Togidi, pub- lished in “Zerkalo” newspaper, March 30, 2008, www.molokans.ru; B.Ishkhanyan, “Great atrocities in Baku, research on 1918 Septem- ber events”, printed in Armenian and Russian in 1920; A. Manasy- an, Karabakh confl ict, Erevan, 1998; Kh. Dadayan, “Armenians and Baku 1850-1920”, (publication of “Noravank”), 2006; A.Akopyan, “Tat-speaking Armenians” (historical-ethnographic research), dis- sertation for att ainment of candidate of historical sciences, Erevan, 112 2002 (originally in Armenian). 48. Kaspi newspaper, 30.03.10; Ilgar Safarov, ANS PRESS, 22.04.2010, (originally in Azerbaij ani). 49. Heft eichi newspaper, November 19, 2010, (originally in Azer- baij ani). 50. Azerbaij an newspaper, February 3, 2010, (originally in Azer- baij ani). 51. Azeri genocide... and Neft chala events, recommendation with regard tothe “31 March as the Day of Genocide”– bibliographic fi g- ure, centralized library system of Neft chala region, Methodology- Bibliography department, 2009, (originally in Azerbaij ani). 52. The tragic pages of our history: the genocide, (originally in Azerbaij ani), publication of the Parliament of the Republic of Azer- baij an, Baku, 2000, 10-11 (originally in Azerbaij ani); D, Gasanlı, Trag- ic Spring, Zerkalo newspaper, May 9, 2009; Report of the general R. Gorton on the situation in Azerbaij an, 08.12.1918 // Azerbaij an Democratic Republic, Archival document of Great Britain, p.83; R. Mustafazade, Two Republics, Azerbaij ani-Russian relations in 1918-1922, Moscow, 2006, p. 29; A. Balaev, February revolution and national minorities, 1918 March eventsin Azerbaij an, Moscow, 2008, p.47; See: the Emergency Investigation Commission of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Azerbaij an // State Archive of Azerbai- jan Republic, fond 1061; the Foundation of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaij an // State Archive of the Center of Political Parties and Social Movements of the Republic of Azerbaij an, fond 277, (origi- nally in Russian) 53. APA, July 26, 2010, (originally in Azerbaij ani). 1918-ci il soyqırım qurbanları Victims of the 1918 Genocide 1918-ci il soyqırım qurbanları Victims of the 1918 Genocide 1918-ci il soyqırım qurbanları Victims of the 1918 Genocide 1918-ci il martında ermənilər tərəfindən yandırılmış “İsmailiyyə” binası “Ismailiyye” building burnt by Armenians in March of 1918 1918-ci il martında ermənilər tərəfindən yandırılmış “Kaspi” qəzetinin redaksiyası Editorial building of “Kaspi“ newspaper burnt by Armenians in March of 1918 Dağılmış Şamaxı şəhəri Destroyed Shamakhi city Türkiyənin Qafqaz-İslam ordusu və Milli qüvvələr tərəfindən Bakının azad edilməsi Liberation of Baku by Turkish Qafqaz-Islam army and by National forces Azərbaycan uğrunda şəhid olmuş Türk əsgərlərinin şərəfinə ucaldılmış abidə Monument erected to honor Turkish soldier sacrificed himself in the fight for Azerbaijan Şamaxıda 1918-ci il mart soyqırımı qurbanlarına həsr olunmuş abidə Monument erected to honor victims of March 1918 in Shamakhi Azərbaycan Respublikasının Prezidenti İlham Əliyev və xanımı Mehriban Əliyeva Şamaxı Cümə məscidində gedən bərpa işləri ilə tanış olarkən President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev and his spouse Mehriban Aliyeva getting acquainted with the reconstruction work under way in Shamaki Juma mosque Yüklə 4,93 Mb. 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