Science and Education in Karakalpakstan issn 2181-9203 Science Magazine chief editor

Keywords:
 novel, modern, historical, artistic, image, plot, tradition, nationality, modernity
In the 70s of the 20th century, Uzbek historical novels appeared as a new wave, the novel 
“Treasure of Ulugbek” by Odil Yaqubov. After that, historical novels like “The Architect” by 
Mirmukhsin, “Starry Nights” by P.Qodirov, “Mashrab” by H.Gulom, “The Golden Head of the 
Avenger” by H.Tokhtaboyev came out one after another. Although all of these are included in the 
framework of the historical novel, they have their own characteristics that differ from each other. 
Odil Yaqubov's novel “Treasure of Ulugbek” is a historical-philosophical novel, while P.Qodirov's 
“Starry Nights" and H.Gulom's “Mashrab” are historical biographical novels. In the first part of 
Mirmukhsin’s novel “Me'mor” (“The Architect”) it seems like a historical-philosophical novel 
expressing a certain idea about the movement of anti-Semitism. In the next parts, the writer is 
obsessed with describing the details of the life of the main character, Najmuddin Bukhari. As a 
result, whether the work is a historical-philosophical or historical-biographical novel becomes 
abstract. The novel “Golden Head of the Avenger” by H. Tokhtaboyev is evaluated as a historical-
adventure novel by critics. 
As a historical novel, Odil Yaqubov's "Old World" has common features with the above 
works. As in all his historical novels, the distant past is brought to life, specific historical figures are 
taken as heroes, and a certain philosophical concept about this period and people is put forward. 
Due to its deep ideological and philosophical spirit, this novel is especially close to “Treasure of 
Ulugbek”. Such a philosophical spirit is provided by the artistic interpretation of the essence of 
human life, the value of knowledge, the struggle of justice and ignorance, and meaningful 
observations of the main characters of the work, Abu Raykhan Beruni, Abu Ali ibn Sina and other 
characters. As one of the places that give a strong philosophical spirit to the novel, we can recall the 
words of Beruni’s teacher Abdusamad Avval: 
"What is God (Alloh)?" - He would exclaim and answer himself: 
- It's true! What is the Qur’an Majid? Honesty is justice! What is the sin? It is a decoration 
and pleasure! What is the answer? Kindness is kindness! Your new is to love the servants! The evil 
is to restrain the lust! 
There are many such passages in the work that encourage the reader to make a philosophical 
observation about the essence of the world and man, and among them it is impossible not to 
remember the following words of Beruni in his conversation with Abu Ali ibn Sina.
“-Oh repentance! This beautiful world, this clear sky, these bright stars, why did he make his 
servant so imperfect? If this mortal world, Abu Ali, was built on the basis of great necessity and 
mature intelligence, as you say, why did this great law lose its power when it came to human life”? 
Of course, the writer knows very well that it is difficult to give a philosophical content to the 
novel with such wise observations alone. Therefore, as the main factor determining the 
philosophical essence of the work, he raises an important life problem that has been pondering the 
personality for centuries and interprets it artistically in his own way. In terms of raising a historical-
philosophical problem, the novel "Old World" is close to “Treasure of Ulugbek”, but according to 

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