Sociology news is published by the Medical Sociology Group‚ a study group cf the Eritish Sociological Association Subscription rates for 1987-88

particular types

of

caring

relationships.

Joan

Mancher

Ibllocm

(‚mit

for

the

I-listory

of mdicine

45-47

mnlaury

aoad

Ocford

0x2 SPE

AIDS

AM)

IDOSEKUALITY

IN

ÜITAIN:

AN

HISTURICAL

PEISPHYPIVE

A

signifi cant. feature

of

the current

AIDS

epidanic

is

the

association

that

has

bem

rrade

between sex

and diwase.

The fact

that the

transnission

0E

the

virus

in

developed

muntries

has

occurred

in

the

nain

in

male

Ixmosatuals

and

in

intravenonß

drug

users, both qroups

who

a r e

already the

subject

of

deeply rooted

h o s t i l i t i e s

and

discrimination, has had

a

profound inpact

on

the social,

political,

econanic, and even

clinical

responses

to

the

disease.

‘rhis

paper

examines

the h i s t o r i c a l precedents

to

such responses

by

discussing the canpaigns

to

ecmbat

the

venereal

diseases

in

the

late 19th and

e a r l y 20th centuries.

lt also

considers

mat

lessons

these

e a r l i e r canpaigns might have

for

the

current.

AIDS

c r i s i s .

Hildred

Blaxter

Dqnaruant of

Psychiatry

University

of

Cauntridge

Cliniml

school

Arflenbroolnew

Hospital

(hmlridge

ÜUJLD

YGJ

(‘ALL

YCIR

HEAIJHI EXCEILENT,

(III),

FAIR G?

PC111?

Varients of this qmestion

are camot:

in

health surveys. What

(b

the

answers

that people give

man? ‘rhis 1s

explored within the data

of

the

Health

and Lifestyle

Survey,

a

rational.

survey

of

9000

respondents.

An

examination

is

made

of the

relationship

of

self-assessnent

to

health

Status

(incluviing

Still-I

physiological

neasures),

social

circmstances,

social

s t p p o r t ,

psychological neasures,

attitudes

t0 health and health

naintenance,

and

expressed

defi nitions of

what

‘health’ neans.

lt

is

sugqested

that

this

analysis

may

not

only

help

to

evaluate

the

usefulness

of

the Standard question, but may also

oontrimte to

an

understanding

oE

the

ways in

which people conceive of health.

.38

Jean

msfleld

xartmut

o6

staclology

uflversity

cf

man

Ilivemoe

Park

(tolerant: a)!

IQ

SUISG

All)

PSYCHIATRY

In

a

recent inportant paper, ‘Psychiatry

und

the

fenlnine‘.

M181’?

R113"

d i r e c t l y oonfronts

the

question

of

the

reiationsnip

sexian und

psychiatry.

Taking

issue

with

a

nulher

of

fatimst

wnterg,

she arguas

that rather than

sexian

being

i t s e i f

eonstxtucive

ofpsycniatry

(bei:

portrayal 0E

the

connon

Eeminist

position) the relationship

i:

gontmqent

and

there is

a

general

marginalization 0E

issms

of

withm

psychiatry.

In t h i s

paper

I

shall

argue that the relatxonship

begween

sexisn

and

psychiatry

is

in part caotxstitutive

gnd

not

nereiy

contmggnt.

Hodever, rather than

sexism

constituting

gsycluatry,

psychiatry

and

its

a l l i e d

disciplines help t0

caonstitute

sexisn.

David

( n :

lmnrmnt

of

Ilealth

sciaces

Biminghn

Polytechnic

Perty

ßrr

Birninghn

H2 280

MANGERIALISI

AM)

CITIZENSHIP:

T

PS1‘ GIIFFITIS

DILBHAS

This

paper

explores

issues

that were the Starting point

for

an

etpiriml

study

of

ehe Griffi ths inplenentatim.

P o : Maclntyre

nnragerialisn

1s

ehe

product

of

the fragnentation

of

camon

values.

Hanaqerial actions are

only

the

triunph of

will

and

paar.

Many

health

Service professionals

haue

reacted

s i m i l a r l y

t0

general nanagatent.

mitiquas of

public

service

mnaganerxt

are sustairaed by theorists fran

the left

and

the riqht.

Can

there

be

a

conscientious

r o l e

Eor public servants

which is

m:

grourxied

in

the ecploitation

and

danination of

consuners,

workers,

and

walten?

One

uay

towards

positive

c r i t e r i a

f o r assessing public servioe nanaqerent

is

t0

l i n k these debates with the

ne-evaluation

of citizerxship by Turner and

Walzer.

Peter

mvia

011x110; cf G — m i t y

Ihnlth

school

o!

mdicine

utiversity of Amkluld

Amldand,

neu

aealand

‘A

ooLoNIAL

souamuum":

m:

uns:

am

FALL u’

w a r m

IN

was

z w a r ! )

within

HE

spvan of

a

oentmy

European

rau

zenlatlders have

passed

{ran

a

“canes

explosion"

0E

o r a l norbidity

to a

position

of

rapidly

inprovirl;

dental health.

Neu

zealanders of

indigerms

and

migrant Polynesian

ancestry

are

gxperiemirx;

the

satne

cycle

of chantp, tut

a:

a

substantial

tue-lag

and

m

a

greatly ompressed tine-span.

‘mis

period has

witnessed

the

amrgeme

in

Neu

zealand of

a

distinctive

ooctpationnl division of

labour

arxd

a

unique cultural preference f o r e a r l y extraction and

the

uearing

of denturäs:

There

are

issues of both

theory am] policy

conoerning the future

occtpatioml division of

labour, appropriate

strategies for public

dental

health, and the position

of

socially

vulnerable groups.

39

‘mny

man

Sockel

neuesten

Uni:

lmiversity

mllege

9 . 0 .

Ex

78

mrdiff

CF].

1x1.

"SXEPHHE

SEISATICXML

.

..

"‘

‘IHE SEZUAL DIARY

l8

A

‘KDL

F0?

HAPPUG (ETAILED SEXUAL

UEHAVIUR

Reliable infonmtion

about

the d e t a i l

and context

of

sexual

behaviotxr is

crucial

for describing high-risk

behaviours for

the

transmission

of

Aids/HIV,

and

Eo:

estimting

paraneters

of

epideniological models.

lt

is

possible

to

adapt the

nvethod of

systanatic diary-keeping

to

this

end

and

develop

a

tool

whlch is also

close

to

the subject's conoeptiors

of

the

"chunks"

of

sexual

bemviour.

‘He

structure

of

teports

of

sexual

behavioxzr

is viewed as

akin

to

l i n g u i s t i c

stmcture. wich a

basic

unit of

the sexual act

bunt

into

a

"Session".

‘Buch structure

leads raturally

to

a

unding

system

mich allows

natural lanquaqe

accounts

t0

be

represented syunholically, and parsed and

analysed

fomally. ‘Ehe

ooded

Version

is easily learnt and Lvsed, and

is

totally irloarprehensible

to

outsiders.

Ebxanples are given

0E

l t s

use

in

the Project

to

collect systexatic data

on

hanosexual and

bisexual behaviour.

"

"I

never

travel

without my diary. 0te

should always have sarething

sensational

t0

read

on the train".

Oscar

Hilde

The

Igrtatne

of

Beigg

ürnest.

Je"!!!

0WD"!!!

nduxxtloml

savloes

Unit

‘Ehe

mdical

school

miversity

cf

Bimindum

Binninghm

B15

2N

Q 4 1 1 6

'10

TERE

HITH CHRGHC

HJNESS: ‘PHB

EKPERIEÜPG EI’

PATIENPS WITH

‘ZARLY

RHEIMNIOID ARPI-RITIS

People uho have

been

referred

to a

specialist

rheumtology

unit

by

their

GPS are

the

Eocus

of

an

ethnographic study.

Patients

have

been

interviewed

in-depth

at

haue

before attendirxg the

clinic,

and then

folloded

througlm

their

axperiemes

as i n -

or

out-patients.

The paper

focusses

on

those who suffer frcm

a

chronic

und incurable

disease.

rheunatoid arthritis.

Particular comerns include hou

they

cone to

terms

with the diagnosis and

disease, the influence of

the

clinic

on

their

lay

perceptions

cf

health, and

their

opinions about the sort

of information

they require about the disease and

its

treatments.

40

"max-mit

o!

m a n ’ ;

n a c h :

s:

m11‘:

mqaital

Praad

atmet

lonhn

l2

III!

HANAGIRS PKFBSSIOPHL

P065!

-

DIflRICl‘

GRBML

M a m a s

All)

KCIGS

Hospital

cbctors are

powerful

imiviüaalists,

üeply

suspicioun of

manaqers

am

y e t

imispensable

to

the

nanaganenl:

of

the

ms.

‘rhe

G r i f fi t h s report

called

for

g r e a t e r

involvalaem.

by

cbctots

in Ianaqaent,

laut

said

little

about how

the neu

district

gerxeral

Inanaqers

( u m s )

should

achieve

that.

aim.

He

r e p o r t

on

Ilow

a

sanple

of 20

nass

have been faring.

He ecplore

ehe

underlying tenaions,

the

d i f f e r i n g

cultural

noms,

the

ums‘ ains

am

strategies,

am

the

reasons f o r

progress

am

setbacks.

Drawing

on

the

literature

about the

nanaqanent

of

change,

we

suqqest how

cbctors

miqht

be

better engaged

in

a

more

‘unnagerial’

MS.

Rmaellnoob

llclhdlalswiologymlt

G u l y h a n k a r h n

Glasgow

6 1 2 m

ARM

PRGILIIG G‘

PBALEH

IN

61.6%:

5E

Pflüüflls

BASE)

(N

KIYPALITY

mTA

Yearly death r a t e :

by

age gronp

am

qemer,

b o t ) :

for

all causes

am

partlcular

major

oauses

of

äath

by local

govermmt distrlcts

in

the

Central Clymside

Oonurbation,

are

being

collated for

the

period

1974

to

1985.

Same

initial

attaupts,

using diese data,

to

establish

area

profila

of health for

looal govermuent districts

w i l l

t2 reported.

Oaumnly

used

Eonns

of sumarisation

oE

auch

data, euch

as

ehe

Stamardised

norballty

Ratio

am

the Proportional

mrtality

Ratio,

will

be

atatnined, focussinq

attention

on

sociologically meaningful aspects

of

the

data

mich

are

not

revealed

by these

neasures.

How

can

diese

I n s t

l2

illustrated

am

im

n

auch profi les usefully

relate

t0 notbidity

profi les chrivable

Eton

aqe-specifi c cohorts being investigated

in

the

satte

region?

mvid

Held

umarmt

cf

soclology

utivarsity

of mioeste:

leiseste:

m1

7m

WEATH I5

(D

FAILURE’:

MRSIIC

111B

OHNE

m

A

GRUB!!!

CARE

UNI?

111e first

p a r t

of this

paper

reports

on

marses‘

acmnnts

of

nursing the

dying in

a

cororiaty care

u n i t .

It Inight be presuned Chat. deaths

m

the

u n i t

would

be

problematic for

marsing

staff, but

t h i s daes

mt

seem

t0

k:

the

case.

The organization of uork, staff relations,

am

cannunncatior:

about.

death

am

dying a r e

examined. ‘lmsions

between the

ideal

of hemg

open

am

revealing

am

reported nursing ptactice were

discerned. The

second

p a r t

of

the paper

attaupts

to

elucidate

sonne of

the key

elanents

in

the orqanization

of

nursing uork uhich bear

upon

nursing the dymg.

41.

“ c m 1 ”

au;

15

mqent street

C l i f t a :

a r i s t o l

RITUAL

MD

IMDVATIGI IN fi

OPERATIm THEATER

How

does

the ethnographic

f ieldmrker

analyse apparently ‘technicar ’

aspects

of

the

wedical environnent? ‘rhis

study draws

on fi e l d data

gathered

in

a

variety

of

surgical operating

theatres.

Focussing

on

practices surrourdirxg

sterility

and hyqiene,

‘technical’

explanatiorxs a r e

reconsidered

in the

light

of

the sylnbolic

or

ritual nessages the practices

transnit.

0o these

r i t u a l

aspects a f f e c t

the

extent

to

which innovative

practices

are

adopvted? ‘rhe potential

Eor

further

innovation in

surgical (and

nedical)

practice

is considered.

Centre

cf

malen

social

Anthrwology

uüverslty

of Reale

Staffordshire

S15

5m

Ronald

Pranlnenberg

THE

5021M;

G’ EPIDBIICS: ‘HE

(HALLE!!!)

(P

Alm

taedical

social

Anthropologists have

allowed

AIDS

t0 take them

by

surprise

although

theoretimlly

eoological

anthropology, the

anthropoloqy

of risk

and sickness

and

death

a3

c u l t u r a l perfomance are

all

specifi c

anthropological approaches which

have

much

to

o f f e r.

‘rhis

paper

w i l l

seek

to

introdnxce advantages and

limitations

of

each approach

and

to

provoke

a

sharing of

ideas.

It

will sedt,

_inter

alia,

t0 argue Chat stuiies tseful

for AIDS sufferers stnuld

not

only avoid isolating and

stigtatising

them

but

also

the

researcl-uers.

Studies

should be

designed

to benefi t

anyone

facing

‘time

tnnb‘

sickness with

grave

outcoutes.

Lars

Reden

(Haut-mm:

of

malt]: i soclety

u m h i n ;

University

3-581

83

uhhäxing

Sieden

[EPRESSICN

All)

AUIIDLIS

-

A

( E P A R R T I V E

51'011}!

The paper

focusses

on

aloohol

abuse

and

depression

as

two separate paths

t0

fi r d

neaning.

An

analysis

of interviews

with

13

out-patients

(diagnosed

as

alooholics

or

depressives

or

alcoholic and depressive)

suggests that.

depressives am‘!

alcol-nlic

depressives

are not

provided with

a

social nooring

at

uork

o:

by the family and

lack close

Eriends.

Both

groups

also live

t0

a

great

extent.

in telationships characterized

by

rigid

action

patterns

that

reflect

rigid patterns

of

thought.

lt

appears

that

f o r

those

individuals

alcohol

and

depression have

an

adaptive

function.

The

seoond stage

of

the research will be

to

t e s t

these findings against

questionraaire data Eton

a

sanple

of 26 patients matched

with

26

control

subjects

{ran t h e

general

population.

42

man!

nxlop

‘nun:

Garn

neueren

mit.

u t i v a s l t y

ot

landet:

I m t i t u t e

cf

matter!

41

tundck

spare

Ion-dm

Ich!

IAZ

‘(D

I HAVE

1U

PILL

IN NUPHH

(IG

G

TEE!

E1187‘:

( B U G GEN}!!!

DIARIES

IN

A

S'I'UDY

0F P0111885

AM)

PATHERS

The

use

of

health

diaries

as a man:

of

collecting

data

on

funily

Inealth

has

been surprisirxgly

limited.

Hhere

diaries

have been used,

they have

xsually been ccnpleted by the

Irother.

‘rhis

paper

b r i e fl y revieue

the

past

use

of

health

diaries and descrlbes

their

use

in

a

study

of

gender

differences in

patente].

IIeaIth und health

care.

A

sanple

of

t h i r t y unrking-class

patente

are beim;

interviewed

separately

three

Eures over

the

course

0E

a

y e a r,

und

a f t e r each

intervlew

they are asked

to

carplete

their

oun 7-day

health

diary.

A

prelinninary amlysis of

the

dlfferenees betweenm the nothers‘ und the

fathers’ health diaries w i l l be discussed.

Nigel cbldie’, mvld

Pilgrin"

‘wuth

mnk

Polytedmlc

i Anne

ungern

brav:

kund

Iawbn

SEI

0M

“ w r x t

o! Pnydnlogy

Hangman

I m t l t u t e

nodtqahon Inne

Inmbn

S115

PRO! RBSEAIClEl

‘I0

EVALUMTR: THE

OIIDHBS G

{

K

}

AN INVBTICHHR

FG!

A

EIEAUITI AUHKRIT’!

The

reeent changee

in

the

nanaqement

of

the

henlth services

1s

l i k e l y

t0

lead t0 increasing mmbers

of social ecientiets

being ashed

to umiertake

evaluations as

indepenient

outsiders of Services. ‘rhis

paper

w i l l

explore

the

political,

methodologieal

arId ethical issxns

(ahnt

t h i s develqmmt

poses

f o r sociologists

who

have previotasly had

a

nore traditional

researcher relationship t0

the subjects of

t h e i r

stundy.

‘rhe

paper

arises

out

oE

the expetience

of

undertakirxg

an

evaluation

of two oonlmmity mental

health centres, for

t u e

different health authorities

having differing

political

reasons

f o r

this

work

to

be

undertaken.

Unamstafeea:

(nnuefortmstuiyotvrinrymre

384698

mnnrcinl

man!

Lenin

B1

an

111B PRIMA!!! HFAIJM

CARIPTEM: m fi l fl l w G’ KRKIIG

REIZATIGBHIPS

(I!

A

FANPAQY?

mring

the

murse

0E

a

project

intended

to

p r a t o t e

teamork

lntueen

primry

health

care

professionals uorkmg

in

I n n e :

Lordm

it

becane

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