Sociology news is published by the Medical Sociology Group‚ a study group cf the Eritish Sociological Association Subscription rates for 1987-88

part of a larger,

statistical

s y l l p

o

‚

.

.

.

investigation, Standards and

Performance

U1

General Practice.

whichtgs

o:

evaluatirlg

the

'external'

EffGCtIVETESS of

such

grqups.

G a m m a

1 ° “

u-‚e ‘internal’,

interactional

aspects

raises

certain questions, eg. how 6b

the doctors

neqotiate

definitions

of

900d

Pfad-im?

9°

theX

339‘

standard-setting

as

a

task?

shall

969-0139 b9?“

5“';"5ta“t“('eu;5::)€

of

(group

prooess;

standard-setting)

and

nethodologxcal

Issues

snall-scale

qualitative

wotk

in

a

l a r g e

statistical

study).

mvid

Hall

hartem:

of mciology

Lhiversity

of uverpool

Eleamr

Rathtnne milding

Hyrtle

Street

P. O .

an

147

Liverpool

1.69 3m

WER GIGANTSATION

AM)

PRKHIG

INREEAICH

EIHIKS

CIJHITIEES

A

survey

of research ethics cvnnittees in

England and

Hales

provides the

daba for

this

aralysis

of

the 5 2 |

of caannittees

which

consider proposals

Eor

research

on

children.

111e

outcalues

of

comnittee

decisions

are

discussed

in relation

t0 aspects

0E cannittee Organisation

and

awareruess

of ethical issues.

Barbara

lhrrison

(lautbar:

cf

socia].

scienoe

South

Bank

Polyteclmic

Bxough

Rand

laudm

S31

OAA

"T

G’

THEH G815 [BAD

POISIE‘:

Q J P A T I O M L IFAD

EXPOSM

IN

KIEN

l8 0-1914

This

paper

explores

the

eoncern with

the

caLses

and

conseqmnoes

of

lead

poisonirmg

in

waren

workets between

1880

and

1914.

During

this tine

there

was

moreasing

agitation

abaut

the

health

cf

Huren uorking

in lead

factones,

or

in

prooesses involving lead

as

in

the

potteries,

and

increasing

intervention by

the

Statue.

This

paper

w i l l

examine the nature

of t h a t

interventim,

including the

involvemnt oE

nvedicine.

Assunptions

about

women's

susceptibility

to

poison, and the cbninance

of

a

protective

Nudel

in relation

to

occupational hazards, will be discussed

in

relation

Lo the Eailure

to

demanu

lead f r e e products and

work processes.

44

Grahm

Hart

‘B:

M a n g a n

Bomltnl

lbdlal

sctnol

J 1 :

Prlngle Bonn:

‘Ehe

muss:

Boqaiul

wann

am

8M

S I P C K ‚ K X I K S A I D M D S - S I I I A L A D B E | AV I C X B A L A S P E B W Ü I B U S B M D H N

INPKLTION

‘rhere

is

now unequivocal

evldence

oonnecting

the practice

0E

needle-sharirq

almngst

intravenotns

drug users

(xvurs)

t0

Ule

Qread 0E

Hman

Innmnodeficierucy Virus

(HIV),

the eausative

agent

0E

AIDS.

‘rhis

paper

will descrihe

uns

epldennlology of

HIV

infection

amngst Ivllrs,

acplore Ute social

and

behavionzral

Eactors

which have

contributed

t0

the

epidenic

and

report

Eindirxgs

Eton

a

study

undertaken

ab University Collage

Hospital

Drug

Dependency Clinic.

An

accmnnt

w i l l

also

be

given

0E

positive health interventions

which

can be used wiux

rvurs,

notably

Health

Outreach

v o r ) :

and

needleexctnnqe

progrumes.

u:

a m h t

the

Eurther

spread

0E HIV.

Gregor

Ilendersotn

Q u a n t .

et’

a — n 1 t y

ledlcine

u-ent

Ilealth

Authorlty

District

Bauarten

Central

nlddlesaz

Ibqainl

Acton Inne

landen

m10 71B

( D h fi t ß l ä !

IN

THE

HPALHI SERVICE

-

[ I E 9

IT

HIN?

since

the inplarentation

0E

the

‘ G r i f fi t h s ’

unmganent arrangemnts

in

the

M-IS,

ßealth

Districts

have

beoane increasingly

preocctpied

with

iüas 0E

consunerisln. ‘mis paper draws

on

one

Health

Oistridfls

reoent

acperieme

0E

setting

m

a

progranne

0E

consuner

research.

In the

district, a

series

0E

oonsurer surveys have tnen planned

mich

a t t e v p t t0

assess

the appropriateness

0E

healdm

cate

delivery

t0

the

local

population.

The

results

0E

one such survey

of Accident and

arergency

attenders

1s presented

and

a

c r i t i c a l evaluation is

made

0E Ehe

ailrs

and

nethods used. The

paper

concltxies

by

discussing the

v i a b i l i t y

0E

oonsumr

research

in

the

ms.

Peterlload

uaanzatofsoclolnqy

Glasqovmllegeofmdnmlogy

7omuucachnsaoad

Glasgow

6400m

‘IHR

SIIZIAL QGANISATIGI G’ A EDSPICE

Using

naterial

gained

in

exploratory research

at a

newly developing

hospioe,

this

paper

outlines

the

division 0E

labour within

this

sector.

lt goes

on

t0 explore

sme

of

che reasons why the British hospice

rwvenent

has

haken

the Eorm

0E

indeperfient local

charities.

‘rhis

w i l l telate

t0

changes

within

Iredicine and within

the

structure

0E

the

NHG.

More_

specific consideration

will include the inpact

0E

resource

amstramts,

new forrrs

0E

nanagerialisln, segnentation within Itedicine, professional

boundaries,

use

0E

volunteers and

concepts

0E

‘camuanity

care‘.

45

mvld

nughes

wahre

forlsocio-Iegal

Studien

vlolfson Co lege

Oxford

0x2

6 U )

man

M1155

KKIS

E1‘:

9 1 €

ASPEHS

G’ NLNSE/ÜXZKR

INPRRACPION

IN A

CASUALTY

DEPARIMBNI‘

The

traditional

perspective

an nurse/dactor

interaction

portrays the

relationship

in

terms

of relatively

straightforward

sumrdination of

nursing s t a f f

to

rredical

control.

This

papet

dzaws

on observational

research

in a

hospital casualty deparunent

to

sugqest

sme

areas where

nurses‘

uork

«mies

closer t0

Mark usually entrusted

to doctors,

and

situations

whete nurses enercise

mre

influence

than

t-‚he

professional

dominance mdel

ackrxowledges.

The

heavy

work denands associated

with

the

"setting"

functim

of the casualty departnent, the (ralplexity

of

patient

categorisation, the potential urgency

of treatnent,

the

relative

inexperierxre

0E

mst

Casualty

Officers,

and the special

d i f fi c u l t i e s of

overseas doctors

who may

be

unfamiliar

with the host

culture, all increase

nurse

influencve.

darlotte nqzhrey,

Departmnt

o! Cllnical mldaniology

Jonaüun ßlford

und

General

Practlce

i

m1 mrtley‘

lbyal free

lbspibal

Schmal

of

ßedicine

Iuxbn m3

Wannen:

of scacial Policy

University of

hiinlaurqh

minmrgh

DIVISIOIB

Ü!

111B HPALTH DIVIIE

The

publication

of

the

Hm's

‘fixe

ilealth

Divide‘

in

March

1987

amfimed

that

t h e

social

class

gradient

in infant nortality rerains

as

steep

as

-;

ever.

‘rhe

controversy

over

how

this

gradient

should be

acplained

rages

on.

There are three inportant

dinensions

to

be considered

with regard

Co

this dehnte:

the tools

0E

the debate

(ie.

the nethodology); the values

;

inplicit in

the

choioe

and

use

of research findings; and the consequences

I

for health and

social

policy.

In

this

paper

ve

address

these, using

as

a

case-study the

eontrimtim

of S i r Harold

Hinxsworth

(Eomer Secretary

of

t h e

Medical Research

oouncil)

in

h i s

a r t i c l e ‘Epidemioloqäf:

Genetics and

Socioloyy‘

(J

Biosoc Sei 1984; 16: 159-176).

GMPLBENPARY NEDICINB

.

f’

Dick

Jones

7 fluteside mad

|

5|

Haylbck

H

S t .

Helen:

Herseyside

m11

am

A

SCIIIOIIEICAI.

ANQLYSIS

Ü’

THE VIRLD-VIEW

(F

i

PRKHITIÜIERS (F

This paper draws

on

research, currently

in

progress, that oentres

around

the uay

in

mich

practitioners

0E

conpleltentary

nedicine

(using the

um

definition)

oanstrue the

mrld.

7:

i

I

i

Material

{ran

interviews

is

used

to

i l l u s t r a t e

that

early indications

sugqest

that

an

identifi able world-view

does

emerge

within practitioners

‚"

oE

carplenuentary nedicine

as

a

group.

Strongly

individualistic

perspectives

appear

to

be the norm, but concerns Eor the essentially

‘

h o l i s t i c

n a t u r a

oE

being

a r e

a l s o

evidenoed.

Same recognition

of

l

r e i fi c a t i o n processes and other issues coalescinq around the

political

u}

econany

of health and

also indncaterl.

Problem of

contradictions

within

V

practitioner consciousness

a r e

also considered.

46

COSRA

Co-ordinating Organisation

for

Sociological

Research

on

Aids.

Aids

and

HIV

infection pose

an

obvious

and serious threat‚ to

homosexuals

and drug users‚ and

increasingly to the

heterosexual

population.

There

will be immense

financial

and

health consequences for the Health

Service

even

if

a vaccine is

found.

Presently

no such vaccine or cure

is

on the

hotizon‚

Idespite immense medical

research.

Prevention therefore rests

entirely

upon

health

education‚ includinq

the

adoption of

"Safer

sex" measures‚ which in

turn

depends critically on

scientific

knowledge of

sexual behaviour

of

the at-risk groups.

Over the

past

few

years there

has

been

a

proliferation of

research

on Aids and

HIV

infection

carried

out

in

the social

and behavioural

sciences‚

which

do not‚

by and large,

feature

in

the medical

retrieval

systems.

There is‚

thereEore‚ a

pressing

need

for

shating

information

about

social

(and,

in

genera1‚

b e h a v i o u r a l )

research

on Aids and

related conditions

and

areas.

The Executive

Committee of

the

British

Sociological

Association

has asked me

to

initiate

a

project to document

(and make

accessible

to

libraries

and

researchers)

such research in

the

sociological

area.

COSRA

(Co-ordinating

Organisation

for

Sociological

Research

on

A i d s )

will

act

as

a

co-ordinating

body

for

the circulation of

information

about

on-going behavioural

research

of

Aids

and

related conditions.

He

shall

be

collaborating with other

international

and

disciplinary

organisations in this effort‚

and

exchanging information.

This

research

may

provide crucial scientific

information about

the

at-risk populations and the

effect

of

health

campaigns.

we

shall

produce a register and

index

of

current

researCh‚

which will

be

available

in printed form, or

in

machine

readable

form for

those who request it.

Copies of the register

should

be

available

in

the

neu

year

(price to

be announced later).

so,

if

you are

engaged in social

and behavioral research on

Aids

and HIV infection‚ and

have not

already been

contacted

by

u s ‚ please write

to

me

at the address

below

and

I

shall

send

a

form for

completion.

COSRA

Social

Research Unit

University College

P.O.

Box

79,

CARDIFF CF1

IXL.

COSRA

has been

initiated

by

Professor

Anthony P M

Coxon

( D i r e c t o r

of

social

Research

Unit

and

Professor

of sociological

Research Methods‚ University College

Cardiff).

He is

a

member

of

the welsh Aids Campaign and other

groups.

COSRA

is

sponsored

by

several

relevant

voluntary

groups‚

including the

Terrence

Higgins Trust,

Body

Positivetfor

HIV

antibody positive

persons)

and

the

Gay

Christian

Movement.

47

Conferences and Meetings

Third

International

Interdisciplinary

Conference

on

Stress

Management

University of

Edinburgh

30th

August

-

3rd

September 1988

For

details write to: The

Conference

Director‚

I.S.T.C.S.

The

Priory Hospital,

Priory Lane‚

London SWIS

SJJ

The Politics

of

Field

Research

International

Conference

Goldsmiths' Collage, London

15

April

1988

Among those

expected

to

participate:-

Norman Denzin. Jaber

Gubrium,

Peter

Manning (USA),

Roy

Turner

(Canada),

Elim Papadakis

( A u s t r a 1 i a ) ‚

Robert

Dinqwall‚ David

Silverman‚

Mary

Simms,

Phil

Strong

(UK).

Field research‚ using largely qualitative methods‚ is becoming

more acceptable to funding agencies who look to such research

to provide policy proposals.

Attempts

to