Special education of the republic of uzbekistan

Stress in speech is the greater prominence which is given to one or more words in a sentence as compared with the other words of the same sentence.

The voice quality (timbre) is a special colouring of the voice in pronouncing sentences which is superimposed on speech melody and shows the speaker’s emotions such as joy, sadness, irony, anger, indignation, etc.
The tempo of speech is the speed with which sentences or their parts are pronounced. Closely connected with the tempo of speech is its rhythm: the recurrence of stressed syllables at more or less equal intervals of time.

Intonation serves to form sentences and intonation groups, to define their communicative type, to express the speaker’s thoughts, to convey the attitudinal meaning. One and the same grammatical structure and lexical composition of the sentence may express different meaning when pronounced with different intonation.

→ Isn’t it riˏdiculous? (general question)

→ Isn’t it riˎdiculous! (exclamation)

The sentence is the basic unit of language. It may either be a single intonational unit or consist of two or more intonational units. This intonational unit is called the intonation group. If considered not only from the purely intonational point of view, but also from the semantic and grammatical points of view this unit is known as the sense-group.

An intonation group may consist of a whole sentence or a part of it. In either case it may consist of a single word or a number of words.

An intonation group has the following characteristics:

1. 
   It has at least one accented word carrying a marked change in pitch (a rise, a fall, etc)
   
2. 
   It is pronounced at a certain rate and without any pause within it.
   

3. 
   It has some kind of voice quality.
   

The number of intonation groups in the same sentence may be different.

In ˏJune | Ju ly | and ˏAugust | our 'children 'don’t 'go to ˎschool.

In 'June, 'July and ˏAugust | our 'children 'don’t 'go to ˎschool.
The end of each sentence is characterized by relatively long pause. The pauses between intonation groups are shorter. They vary in length. There may be no pauses between intonation groups at all.

Each intonation group is characterized by a certain intonation pattern, i.e. each syllable of an intonation group has a certain pitch and bears a larger or smaller degree of prominence.

Intonation patterns containing a number of syllables consist of the following parts: the pre-head, the head, the nucleus and the tail.