Средства массовой информации в Великобритании и США

Частное учреждение образовательная организация высшего образования "Омская гуманитарная академия"

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА

на тему: Средства массовой информации в Великобритании и США

Выполнил(а): Ботиржонов И.О.

^{Фамилия И.О.}
Английский язык
Форма обучения: заочная
Оценка: ____________________________ ____________________________
^{Подпись Фамилия И.О.}
“____”________________20___ г.
Омск, 2023
Plan

1. 
   Introduction.
   
2. 
   The variety of mass media and their role in our life.
   
3. 
   Mass media in Great Britain and the USA.
   
   1. 
      Newspapers
      
   2. 
      Magazines
      
   3. 
      Radio and television
      
   4. 
      Internet
      
4. 
   Conclusion.
   
5. 
   The list of the used literature.
   

1. 
   Introduction
   

Mass media are one of the most characteristic features of modern civilization. People are united into one global community with the help of mass media. People can learn about what is happening in the world very fast using mass media.
The aim of this work is to examine different mass media in Great Britain and the USA.
The following tasks are set:

1. 
   To determine the types of mass media.
   
2. 
   To reveal their role in our life.
   
3. 
   To find out what mass media are popular in Great Britain and in the USA, what they have in common and what difference they have.
   

2. 
   The variety of mass media and their role in our life.
   

There is every reason to believe that mass media play a great role in modern life. Their positive aspects are obvious. They give us useful and interesting information and news and also help us to have an enjoyable free time. The most important aspect of the relations of mass media and the society is in people’s views on politics, economics and other areas. On the one hand, popular TV programmes and newspapers interview people and take their views into consideration. On the other hand, by choosing concrete people to ask questions, definite facts to describe and evaluations to make mass media specialists influence the attitudes of the society towards important events and tendencies.
The mass media include newspapers, magazines, radio and television. In the XXI century Internet has become a usual thing.

The earliest kind of mass media was newspaper. Newspaper is a publication that presents and comments on the news. Newspapers play an important role in shaping public opinion and informing people of current events.

The first newspapers were probably handwritten news-sheets posted in public places. The earliest daily news-sheet was “Acta Diurna” (“Daily Events”) which started in Rome in 59 B.C. The first printed newspaper was Chinese publication called “Dibao” (“Ti-pao”) started in A.D.700s. It was printed from carved wooden blocks. The first regularly published newspaper in Europe was “Avisa Relation” or “Zeitung” started in Germany in 1609.
For centuries newspapers have been working out their style and language, forms of presenting materials. Unlike prose the characteristic of paper language is brevity and expressiveness.


Magazine is a collection of articles and stories and a lot of illustrations. Magazines appeared in 1700s. They developed from newspapers and booksellers’ catalogs.
Magazines provide information on a wide range of topics such as business, culture, hobbies, medicine, religion, science and sports. Some magazines entertain their readers with fiction, poetry, photography or articles about TV or movie stars. Magazines are designed to be kept for a longer time in comparison to newspapers and that is why they are printed on a better paper and have covers. Magazines, unlike newspapers, do not focus on daily, rapidly changing events.
There are specialized magazines intended for special business, industrial and professional groups, and consumer magazines intended for general public. There are several kinds of consumer magazines:

1. 
   Children’s magazines contain stories, jokes, articles on subjects especially interesting for children and instructions for making games or useful items.
   
2. 
   Hobby magazines are intended for collectors of coins, stamps and other items, people interested in certain sports or games, photography enthusiasts.
   
3. 
   Intellectual magazines provide analysis of current cultural and political events.
   
4. 
   Men’s magazines focus on such topics as adventure, entertainment, men’s fashion and sports.
   
5. 
   Women’s magazines deal with child-raising, fashion trends, romance. They offer ideas on cooking and home decorating. Many of the monthlies with big circulations are women’s magazines.
   

Radio first became a possibility when the English physicist Michael Faraday demonstrated that an electrical current could produce a magnetic field. In 1864 James Clerk Maxwell, a professor of experimental physics at Cambridge, proved mathematically that these electrical disturbances could be detected at considerable distances. Maxwell predicted that this electromagnetic energy could move outward in waves travelling at the speed of light. In 1888 Heinrich Hertz demonstrated that Maxwell’s prediction was true for transmissions over short distances. In 1901 an Italian physicist named Guglielrno Marconi received wireless telegraphic messages sent from Cornwall to Newfoundland. Radio underwent rapid improvement in the period before World War II.
Radio is widespread for its portability. It means that radios can easily be carried around. People like listening to the radio on the beach or picnic, while driving a car or just walking down the street. The main kind of entertainment is music.


Television, also called TV, is one of the most important means of communication. It brings moving pictures and sounds from around the world into millions of homes.
The name “television” comes from a Greek word meaning “far”, and a Latin word meaning “to see”, so the word “television” means “to see far”. TV experiments to create a workable television system began in the late 19^th century by Paul Nipkow, a German scientist. Today almost every family in the civilized world has a TV set. Television plays an important role in our society, not only as an entertainer and informant, but also because of the grip it has on many people. Television channels easily go into people’s home taking in their time and life.
TV is more popular than radio and newspapers. There are many programs that keep people informed of current events in politics and sports, economics and so on. Besides informational programs you can watch a lot of entertainments. They let people relax, make them forget about their problems and help them to focus on pleasant things. There is no doubt that different people choose different programs. Some enjoy detective movies, other are fond of horror films. Some people are interested in music concerts. Yet others like “soap operas” and TV games.
Unfortunately, nowadays there are many programs that show too much violence and blood. It is bad for all the people who watch horror movies especially for children, because it can damage their ideas of normal life. Focusing on violence in general is one of the bad influences of mass media on the society.


The Internet created in 1983. Since that time it has grown beyond its largely academic origin into an increasingly commercial and popular medium. The Internet connects many computer networks. All the existing means of communication were merged together to create one. Using the Internet you can send information like you would via a telegraph, you can speak to people like you would on the phone and see the world like it is on TV. You can create your song, music and films. You can shop, travel and talk to your friends.
The main purpose of the Internet is to extend the communication network. You can write and talk to people who live on other continents miles away from us. Another important purpose of the Internet is to collect, systematize, keep and share information – verbal, sound and visual.
But remember, that while the Internet offers you all this information you have to be selective and careful with your search. And unfortunately, scientists believe that every day more and more people are becoming addicted to the computer.

3.