Economic Gains from South-South trade in COMESA
Since 1994, COMESA has integrated in stages. The first stage, which
occurred prior to 1994, entailed the creation of a preferential trade area
in which member-states awarded one another privileged treatment when
trading specific goods (Trivedi 2006, 63-64). Then in 2000, COMESA
implemented an FTA that forced imports from third countries to be exempt
from tariff and non-tariff barriers (Trivedi 2006, 63-64). This agreement
is still in place today. The next stage for COMESA is the creation of a
customs union with a four-band common external tariff (CET) structure
of 0-5 to 25-30 percentage points on capital goods, raw materials, inter-
mediate goods and finished products (Trivedi 2006, 63-64). In 2008,
countries that are prepared to enter into the customs union will proceed
with implementation of the CET (Otieno 2006).
The latest reports on trade within COMESA have been optimistic. Total
trade in 2005 was U.S.$87.7 billion and agricultural trade has significantly
increased over the past seven years (Latest Report 2006). Combined trade
and cross-border investment flows in COMESA have grown by U.S.$7.5
billion since 2000 (Karugaba 2006). However, when compared to long-
term reports, these figures are less than promising. Long-term trends have
not shown RTAs in Africa to have any effect on intra-regional trade growth
(Yang 2005, 14). There are still many barriers to trade within COMESA
capable of restricting the formation of new intra-regional trade flows. For
example, restrictive ROOs remain in place and external barriers to trade
are relatively high (Yang 2005, 10-12). When evaluating COMESA’s
239
The Regulation of South-South RTAs: An Analysis of AFTA and COMESA
economic performance, one must take these restrictive policies into ac-
count. A political economy perspective focuses on protectionist practices
and helps to explain COMESA’s inability to foster lasting increases in
intra-regional trade.
Dostları ilə paylaş: |