eral preferential trade agreements (PTAs) in order to further liberalize
225
The Regulation of South-South RTAs: An Analysis of AFTA and COMESA
The current rise in regional and bilateral PTAs highlights the need for
further analysis of the “spaghetti bowl” of agreements and regulations
that integrate global markets. In particular, the ability of North-South
trade relations to foster economic development and expand trade flows
has been examined extensively. PTAs between developed countries are also
being actively researched by academics, government officials and private
firms. In contrast, growth in South-South PTAs has received much less
attention. This article contends that South-South PTAs’ smaller contribu-
tions to global trade flows should not diminish their significance in the
progression of international trade liberalization. Increasingly, developing
countries are liberalizing their economies in order to offer a larger and
stronger market to foreign investors. Examining the progress of these
regions’ trade arrangements can inform present liberal trade strategies
related to emerging markets.
To conduct this examination, the following question is proposed: How
do trade regulations respond to the development of emerging markets in
the global economy, and how does this response affect developing states
in the international community? This article argues that trade regulations
respond to the development of emerging markets by offering weak legal
frameworks to South-South regional trade agreements (RTAs) that are
not enforced or applied. This response has limited intra-regional trade
between developing states. In support of this argument, this article will
offer a case study comparison and analysis of AFTA (the Free Trade Area
of ASEAN, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations) and COMESA
(the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa). AFTA and
COMESA both include a mixture of least-developed countries (LDCs)
and developed member-states. Thus, case studies of these two agreements
will allow for a comprehensive evaluation of intra-regional trade between
markets at various levels of development. In addition, an analysis of these
agreements’ legal frameworks—followed by an evaluation of their eco-
nomic impact—will demonstrate the inadequacy of trade regulations in
the multilateral trading system’s development agenda. To complement the
case study comparison, this article also includes a general discussion of
trade regulation and economic impacts regarding all South-South trade.
The economic impact of free trade agreements will be investigated through
an analysis of trade flows, trade creation and trade diversion.
This article will not attempt to evaluate whether free trade is an ap-
propriate mechanism for development. Much literature has been written
on this topic and opposing camps continually shore up new evidence to
support their positions. Instead, it considers the ability of multilateral trade
226
Steven Buchta
regulations to foster strong international trade regimes between develop-
ing member-states. If the WTO promotes a trade development agenda,
it is important to examine whether it has encouraged trade in developing
countries by means of multilateral legal frameworks, or whether its attempts
to cultivate intra-regional trade have proven largely inadequate.
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