Structuralism analysis a final project

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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The elements forming a literary works incorporate the intrinsic and extrinsic 
components. The intrinsic components are the components constituting literary 
works, which incorporate the plot, theme, characters, setting, a point of view, the 
language and style of work. Extrinsic components are
outside components that 
influence a literary work
through extrinsic means. Examples of the extrinsic 
elements are the political situation, economy, sociology, history, even the 
psychological conditions of the writer (Nurgiyantoro, 1998). 
In this study, the writer will do an analysis of 
the Tom Sawyer’s character in 
Mark Twain’s 
The Adventure of Tom Sawyer
and 
how is the relationship between 
Tom Sawyer characterizations and the moral values in Mark Twain's 
The Adventure 
of Tom Sawyer
. With the hope that at the end of the study the writer can answer 
this research problem formulation. 
2.1. Characterizations 
Characterization means describing the character. Characterizations are the most 
important thing in a literary work because without them a story will not be able to 
complete. It merely will be a description or narration (Djibran, 2008). This paper
will discuss ways of describing characters or called characterization methods. 
There are several types of characterization methods including direct method 
(telling), indirect method (showing), through point of views, through the study of 
the flow of consciousness and through the study of figurative language.
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The telling method includes characterization through the use of character’s 
names, characterization through character’s appearance and characterization 
through author's speech. The showing method includes dialogue and behavior. 
Characterization through dialogue carries out analysis through what speakers say, 
the identity of the speaker, location and situation of the conversation, the mental 
quality of the characters, tone of voice, dialect and vocabulary of the characters. 
Characterization through the behavior of the characters includes facial expressions 
and motivations of the actions of the characters. The study of the characters in a 
literary work has the ultimate aim to understand the theme of the work. 
Nurgiyantoro (1998; 19) further distinguishes a character in two major groups, 
based on the level of the role or importance of a character. That is a major 
character and minor character. The major character is a character that appears 
most regularly, whereas on a minor character, it is appearance within the story is 
generally less, not at stake and its presence only if there is a relation with the 
major character, either straightforwardly or in by implication.
Nurgiyantoro (1998; 20) also distinguishes characters as a simple and complex 
character. Simple characters only show the nature or character of a certain 
character, while a complex character is a character that has a variety of nature and 
character described in detail. So, a character in a story refers to a person who 
presented in literary works, including the whole of his/her personality, vagaries of 
the act, intelligence, moral character and physically. 
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