Stylistic classification of the english vocabulary



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a) Polysemy

Derivative logical meanings always retain some se­mantic ties with the primary meanings and are strongly as­sociated with them. Most of the derivative logical mea­nings fixed in dictionaries are usually shown with the words they are connected with and are therefore consi­dered bound logical meanings. The primary and de­rivative meanings are sometimes called free and bound meanings respectively, though some of the derivative mea­nings are not bound in present-day English.

In actual speech polysemy vanishes if the word is not used deliberately for certain stylistic purposes. A con­text generally materializes one definite meaning. That is why we state that polysemy vanishes in speech, or lan- guage-in-action.

Let us analyze the following example:



"Massachusetts was hostile to the American flag, and she would not allow it to be hoisted on her State House."

The word "flag" is used in its primary meaning when it appears in combination with the verb "to hoist" and in its derivative (or contextual) meaning in the combination "was hostile to".



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