Teaching outdoor and adventure activities: an investigation of a primary school physical education professional development p



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106 
Coding categories 
Pedagogical content knowledge, content knowledge, affirmation, instant feedback, 
planning and preparation 
 
Memo 
The teacher is looking for affirmation – it’s the not knowing that’s crucial I think to the 
teacher. Even if the teacher reads the notes/lesson plans and thinks they understand it - 
how do they know if what they are doing is right? - They have no concept of the content 
knowledge nor of the pedagogical content knowledge. 
Stage 5 Proposition statements.
Proposition statements related to each of the 
themes developed during the analysis of the data were generated. Propositional 
statements are statements developed from the data – this is what the data are telling us 
(Appendix Kiv). According to Bogdan and Taylor (1984) ‘a propositional statement is 
a general statement of fact grounded in the data’ and as such, propositions are the 
beginning of revelations yielded by the data. An example of a propositional statement 
developed from the data in this study was; ‘Teachers are afraid to teach physical 
education’. 
Stage 6 Test proposition statements.
The proposition statements/constructed 
theory were then tested against the data. This ensured that all coding stood and that 
findings were reliable and robust. At this stage credibility was checked and if necessary 
going back to Stage 2 and recoding data, or ways of demonstrating validity and 
reliability were established. When the above propositional statement was tested against 
the data, it was noted that the word fear only appeared once, in relation to a teacher who 
was afraid she would not teach the skills of a game properly. Although the impression 
was that teachers were afraid, there was no concrete support for this statement in the 
data, therefore this statement was discarded and the same process was applied to further 
propositional statements. 
Stage 7 Amending and synthesising proposition statements.
The proposition 
statements were synthesised into cohesive and well supported outcome statements or 
findings, showing richness and context and outlining points to be made in the 
conclusion. Taking the example statement at stage 5, the statement was amended to 
read; ‘teachers lack the knowledge and confidence to teach physical education’ and this 
statement was then tested against the data and support was found for the statement.
Patterns were also sought across all of the participant data and were examined for 


107 
similarities and differences. All these categories were ultimately combined into themes 
which framed the construction of chapters four and six. 

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