Technical English language

4.The main types of oil reservoirs
It is necessary to distinguish all the structures by the method of construction: underground and land type. The first containers are reinforced concrete products, completely upholstered on the inside by stainless steel. This has a positive effect on strength characteristics.
At the same time, the construction of tank farms does not provide for the presence of a facing material. Ground engineering structures produce from high-class impact-resistant steel.
According to their structural profile, they can be:
• Vertical shape;
• horizontal tanks with a fixed roof;
• horizontal with floating roof.
Thus, a vessel with a diameter of less than 50 cm in a closed class is characterized by its ability to withstand a sufficiently large hydrostatic pressure of hydrocarbon feedstocks. This standard provides for the schematic position of the containers.
In construction, the parameters are taken into account depending on the following aspects:
• purpose, category of the complex and its scope;
• duration of operation and layout of containers;
• climatic conditions and geographical location.


5. Gas storage
Oil and gas, the storage of which now stands at the first place among the industry's issues, are considered today the main minerals. Each product must be able to store, and hydrocarbon raw materials are no exception. The industry of the underground complex for gas safety exists and has been successfully operating for about a hundred years.
The product storage system is the availability of its reserve stocks in conditions that maximally contribute to its quantitative and qualitative safety for a certain period of time. Gas storage is purposefully formed when compensating for unsustainable gas consumption, improving the reliability and efficiency of the supply system, the rapidly reacting (emergency incidents) and the economic (for the formation of reliable and accurate planning in the event of natural disasters) reservation.
As is known from history, the very first case of storage of raw materials occurred in Russia when collecting light gas by dry distillation of coal at a gas plant in the mid-19th century. (1835 - Petersburg, 1865 - Moscow). The first reservoirs of the resource, which subsequently became widespread, are gas holders with low pressure with variable volume (USA, 1895).
In practice, gas can be stored both in the natural and liquefied state, and in the form of hydrates. The key role in supplying gas to the facilities of the national economy is played by underground storage of gas in tanks, as well as in low, medium and high pressure gas tanks.
Underground structures for the storage of hydrocarbon raw materials play an important role in the reliable supply of consumers. Their functioning makes it possible to equalize daily fluctuations in gas consumption and cope with peak demand, usually during the winter period.