Cultural Construction In Azerbaijan SSR in the 1920-1930s
Measures for the Establishment of The New Soviet Educational System. Soviet government paid the special attention to the establishment of the primary, secondary and higher education system. The main objectives were: - creation of the new young generation, the carrier of socialist ideology, devoted to the Soviet regime and the existing system; - Training of professional personnel for the local industry and agriculture of the country. In 1923, the Committee for the Elimination of Illiteracy was set up under the Sovnarkom of Azerbaijan SSR.
When preparing textbooks and programs for schools are absolutely not taken into account national and spiritual values and national peculiarities. Considered political subjects History and Geography were under the full control of the Communist Party. Humanities and Social Sciences were used as an ideological weapon in the formation of a “new man” of a Soviet citizen - the builder of socialist society. As a separate subject of “History of Azerbaijan” was not included in the curriculum and, at best, in abbreviated form was “part” of “History of the USSR”. One of the main tasks of the Soviet education system was the formation of specialized secondary schools and higher educational institutions of the Soviet intelligentsia and the Soviet specialists. The government did not trust the staff, which was educated in Western Europe, in Eastern countries and even in the tsarist Russia.
The Soviet government initiated the establishment of higher education institutions in Azerbaijan in the early 1920s and it would be fair to emphasize a lot had been done in this area. The Azerbaijan State Pedagogical Institute, Azerbaijan Polytechnic Institute, the first conservatory in the East and the Higher School of painting were opened in 1921 in Baku, and Institute of People's Economy in 1929 in Ganja. However, opened in 1919 by ADR, Baku State University has been divided into various institutions and closed in 1930. Azerbaijan Medical Institute and other institutions were created on the basis of this university’s faculties. Baku State University recovered its work in 1934 and became known as the Azerbaijan State University. In connection with the large demand for highly qualified specialists in the field of oil industry, the Polytechnic Institute in 1934, turned into the Oil Institute.
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