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The Oppression of Religion. Attacks on the National and Moral Values
In 1920-1930s, in the Azerbaijan SSR collectivization, industrialization and cultural construction were carried out in parallel with the struggle against religion.
Only in 1929, 400 mosques were closed in Azerbaijan. They were turned into barns, clubs and libraries.
Formation of the Administrative and Command System and
The Implementation of Mass Repressions
The Soviet system of administration, established as a result of occupation of Azerbaijan in April 1920, was literarily and in the full sense of the word dictatorship. In Azerbaijan, the political power was based on the principles of strict centralization. The government, its agencies and nongovernmental organizations were under monopoly of the power of the Communist Party. The Communist Party of Azerbaijan, where leadership positions were in the hands of non-Azerbaijanis, in fact, was not an independent and operated solely by the dictates of Moscow, the head of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin. In December 1933, the post of first secretary of the Central Committee of CP (b) Azerbaijan SSR took Mir Jafar Baghirov. He was a henchman of the first secretary of the Transcaucasian Provincial Committee of CP (b), Lavrentiy Beria and, thanks to his rigid, uncompromising character and a great capacity for work, M.J.Baghirov has managed to establish in Azerbaijan united and strong power. The head of the Commissariat of Internal Affairs of Azerbaijan in 1934-1938 was a ruthless enemy of our people, Y. Sumbatov-Topuridze. Up until 1939, the bodies of internal affairs and security primarily were served by non-Azerbaijani person. Baghirov, at that time, widely used services and holds leading positions of responsibility in Y. Sumbatov law enforcement bodies, H. Grigoryan, R. Markaryan and others. As a result of “purposeful and fruitful activity” of Sumbatov, who worked under the direction of Baghirov, strong follower of the directives of Moscow, 31 from 51 regional offices of the National Commissariat of Internal Affairs of Azerbaijan were headed by Armenians. This has led to more violent mass repressions in Azerbaijan compared to other Soviet republics.
The authoritarian Soviet regime in Azerbaijan SSR, headed M.J.Baghirov, carried out mass repression against the patriotic citizens, prominent representatives of intelligentsia, freethinkers, even against the faithful servants and the Soviet regime party and government leaders.
According to historical documents, in Azerbaijan the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs led by Y. Sumbatov from 1934 to 1939, was subjected to repression tens of thousands of people. Representatives from all stratum of the population were among the repressed people, starting from simple workers and peasants, and ending with the intelligentsia and even representatives of the political elite, who have served in the party and government organs. The latters faithfully served to Moscow and played an invaluable role in the implementation of the Soviet power in Azerbaijan, but losing to Baghirov in the struggle for power, Aliheydar Karayev, Ruhulla Akhundov, Ghazanfar Musabekov, Hamid Sultanov, Dadash Bunyadzade, Sultan Majid Afandiyev, Ayna Sultanova and other party and Soviet figures were shot in 1937. In 1937-1938, on the basis of trumped-up cases, as “enemies of the people”, pan-Turkist, Musavatist, the counterrevolutionaries and spies of foreign intelligence services, the thousands of Azerbaijani intellectuals have been accused, including Ahmed Jawad, Tagi Shahbazi, Ali Nazmi, Salman Mumtaz, Bekir Chobanzade, Mikail Mushfig, Huseyn Javid and others. Most of them were shot and others were exiled in camps. According to the historical literature, in the years of repression, in the Soviet Azerbaijan, 29 thousand innocent people were executed as “enemies of the nation”. In those terrible years of the destruction of tens of thousands of representatives of the Azerbaijani intelligentsia dealt a fatal blow by the Azerbaijan nation and its culture.
As a result of terror and massacre in the 1920-1930's, the Communist Party established in Russia and in all republics of the USSR, including Azerbaijan, the authoritarian and totalitarian dictatorial rule and control over all aspects of society. Removing all the national forces, who opposed the Soviet regime, under the name of “enemies of the nation”, the Bolsheviks eliminated the property rights of all the people and began to run the economy using administrative - command methods. In the Union republics, including Azerbaijan the authorities were able to create antidemocratic administrative system, which established the strict control
over all aspects of public life. All of these changes were presented as the victory of socialism in the USSR and were legalized in the adopted on December 5, 1936 Constitution of the USSR. The new Constitution was proclaimed the people's right to work, rest, education, social security, but there was no real political rights and ensure of freedom. Multi-stage elections were replaced by general and direct elections. TSFSR was eliminated and Azerbaijan SSR became a republic of the USSR. On March 14, 1937, a second constitution of Azerbaijan was adopted. In conditions of the one-party system, the elections to the local and the Supreme Council of Azerbaijan took place under the watchful eye of the Communist Party and executive power. In the elections, as a rule, the victory was ensured for the main candidate of the Communist Party. For 20 years, from December 1933 to 1953, Azerbaijan was ruled by the henchman of Stalin and Beria - M.J. Baghirov.
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