Lesson 28.
Theme: Problems and solutions.
APPENDIX 1. LEAD IN ACTIVITY.
Answer the questions.
1. What do you understand by a problem?
2. How do we identify or guess that we have faced a problem?
3. How do we solve the problems if we face them?
Compare your answers with the definition given. Analyze to what extent your idea is similar with the given one.
New word
Definition
Problem
The difficulty, perplexity, and uncertainty experienced when a person is confronted by a situation requiring action (typically because of a gap between what is and what should be) but the action required is not immediately apparent. Alternately, one might say a problem exists when someone wants something and doesn’t know what to do to get it. Note: In ordinary usage in the world of work, the word problem typically refers to a “bad” situation, one in which something has gone wrong. This is generally viewed as something that should not have happened in the first place. Further, it is probably the case that someone will be punished if the guilty party can be found. (Which explains why it’s often difficult to get people to talk about problems.)
Problem Label
The name used to classify problem (e.g., it’s a “training” problem, it’s a “personnel” problem, or it’s a “production” problem). The label placed on a problem invokes a certain worldview or frame of reference and thus places a set of conceptual “blinders” on the problem solver.
Problem Solving
The process of gathering and analyzing information so as to reduce uncertainty regarding the action to take with respect to a problem. In other words, problem solving is the process of figuring out what to do about a problem.
Results
The effects of actions. These may be proximate (i.e., immediate and direct) or ultimate (i.e., delayed and indirect).
Diagnosis
The process of comparing an observed condition against a standard for some further purpose. Comparisons might be performed to identify variances, determine the contributing factors or corrective action, or simply to classify observed phenomena, mainly symptoms. Ordinarily, diagnosis refers to figuring out what is wrong and what to do about it. Diagnosis and analysis are often used interchangeably but they are not the same.
Gap
A difference between what is and should be, between actual or current conditions and required or desired conditions. Synonymous with discrepancy as defined above.
Implementation
The act of carrying out a plan of action in accordance with predetermined schedules and assignments. Implementation is always planned and always deliberate.
Opportunity
A gap between what is and what should be and for which an appropriate action is known.
