This chapter is about languages in which the morpho-syntax o f one language is matched with the vocabulary of another language

4.1 Introduction
This chapter is about languages in which the morpho-syntax o f one language is matched with the vocabulary of another language. They are not creoles or pidgins in the strict sense, but they may shed light on the genesis of these languages as well. We will begin with a few examples. Angloromani is the language of thousands of Gypsies in Britain, the Unites States and Australia. The grammar (phonology, morphology, syntax) is English, but the words are overwhelmingly is Gypsy or Romani (Indie) origin.
When Angloromani was first discussed by language contact specialists, it was related to creole languages (Hancock 1970), which are also said to have a different origin of lexicon and grammatical system
To summarize, Media Lengua is essentially the product o f replacing the phonological shapes o f Quechua stems with The Spanish forms chosen have undergone adaptation to Quechua morphophonology. It is not made up on the spot every time it is spoken forms, What is peculiar about Media Lengua is not so much that it contains Spanish words, but that almost all Quechua words, including all core vocabulary.Muysken (1981b) proposed that Media Lengua had a process of relexification: the replacement o f the phonological shape o f a root of one language (Quechua) by a root with the same meaning from another language (Spanish)
Michif
Michif is a mixture of Cree and French which is spoken by fewer than 1000 people of Cree and French ancestry in Western Canada and in North Dakota and Montana, United States. Michif have considered themselves to be members of the Métis or Michif . The word Michif is an anglicized spelling of the Métis pronunciation of the French word Métiftry .It is often described as having Cree verbs and French noun .In Michif, nouns, numerals, definite and indefinite articles, possessive pronoun, some adverbs and adjectives are from French, but demonstratives, question words, verbs and some adverbs and (verb-like) adjectives are from Cree. Whereas French words can appear with Cree morphology, the opposite is not the case. Both languages retain their own phonological systems.
Ex;michif-Ton Periinaan
French-Notre Pere
English-Our Father
There are only 730 native speakers of Michif

4.4 Ma’a (Bantu grammar, Cushitic lexicon)

Ma’a is spoken by approximately 12,000 people in the Usumbara district in north-eastern Tanzania, close to the Kenya border (Goodman 1971). It has been little studied so far in any detail. Mous (1994, to appear) is doing systematic fieldwork on the language. W'hile there is still some disagreement about the specific provenance of certain elements, the structure o f Ma’a is clear in general. Most of the lexicon is Cushitic but thby several researchers, notably Goodman (1971) and Thomason (1983). Goodman hypothesizes that it came about through gradual convergence of the Bantu and Cushitic languages spoken in a bilingual community,e noun class and verbal inflection system is Bantu, as is the word order. M a’a has been looked Thomason rejects a scenario by which there was massive interference from a Cushitic language B into a Bantu language A (1983:220-1), since then ‘we would again expect Ma’a basic vocabulary to be primarily of Bantu origin.’ Both analyses are quite different from what we claim.
Kröjo or Javindo (Low Javanese grammar, Dutch lexicon)
Krôjo is the language spoken by the descendants o f European (mainly Dutch) fathers and Javanese mothers (formerly?) spoken in Semarang, Java. The discussion in this section is based on De Gruiter’s monograph (1990) on the language, De Gruiter prefers his coined term ‘Javindo’. In addition to Javanese-related Javindo, there are other intertwined languages in Indonesia as well, which have Malay as their base
Intertwined Romani languages
In Europe there are a number of examples o f intertwined languages, mostly spoken by nomadic peoples such as (certain) Gypsies and Irish Travellers. Romani is a language o f Indie origin, most closely related to the languages o f northwest India such as Punjabi. The ancestors of the Gypsies left India around the year 1000 and they arrived in Europe in the 14th century, where the language split into dialects with varying degrees o f influences from Balkan languages, especially Greek, Slavonic and (in some varieties) Rumanian. Some o f the Romani dialects, however, have lost the Indie and Balkan grammatical features and now have only the Romani lexicon but a different grammatical system. The cases o f these Romani intertwined languages identified thus far involve Greek, English, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Occitan, French, Spanish, Brazilian Portuguese, Catalan, Basque, Turkish, and Western Armenian. Not all o f these are well documented, however. In this section we will briefly deal with a number of the better documented Romani varieties, discussing in some more detail Basque Romani, Swedish Romani and 48 M ixed languages and language intertwining Spanish Romani, since these three languages are typologically rather different. Basque is a language with complex morphology, partly agglutinative and partly fusional, both in the noun and the verb. Swedish is a language with very little morphology and Sp
Discussion So far we have shown that there are mixed languages in all parts of the world and that they share a number of structural characteristics. They combine the grammatical system of one language with the lexicon from another language.anish is an intermediate case, having fusional morphology in verbs and nouns.
Many secret languages, argots and other in-group languages of bilingual groups in all parts of the world have a large number of lexical items taken from other languages, so that these languages in extreme cases may have a grammar and lexicon from different sources. The grammar is identical to that of the environment, but the lexicon is not.
Social conditions
Language intertwining happens under specific historical circumstances. In the first place, the group must be bilingual when language intertwining starts. Second, the resulting languages are intended as in-group languages. They are not contact languages in the sense that they are intended to bridge a communication gap between speakers of different languages. Third, the members o f the group do noThe major factor, however, is that an intertwined language is an in-group languaget identify themselves as belonging to either of the groups whose languages they speak.Languages emerged between soldiers in armies protractedly residing in foreign territory, between pupils of foreign boarding schools (Smout 1988), between bilingual traders, etc., but it is unlikely that these people would consider their speech a separate language. Neither does it seem possible that they lose their ability to speak the two source languages. In short, language intertwining creates mixed languages.