Toshkent Axborot Tehnologiyalar universiteti Urganch filiali Ko

Ought to — [1], [2].¶

• Ought to — [1], [2].¶
• recommendation: You ought to stop smoking.
• expected because he deserves it: Jim ought to get the promotion.
• probability: This stock ought to increase in value.
• advice against something (notice there is no “to”): Mark ought not drink so much.
• Present Positive: ought
• Present Negative:
• Past Positive: ought to have exercised
• Past Negative:
• Future Positive: ought to
• Future Negative:
• USES1¶
• What is desired or ideal. We use ought to when talking about things which are desired or ideal:
• They ought to have more parks in the city centre.
• We ought to eat lots of fruit and vegetables every day.
• We use ought to have + V3 form to talk about things that were desired or ideal in the past but which didn’t happen. It can express regret:
• We ought to have locked the gate. Then the dog wouldn’t have got out. (The ideal or desired thing was that we locked the gate, but we didn’t.)
• I often think that I ought to have studied medicine not pharmacy. (I would be happier now if I had studied medicine.)
• USES2¶
• What is likely. We can use ought to when we talk about what is likely or probable:
• The concert ought to only take about two hours so we’ll be home by 12 pm.
• There ought to be some good films at the cinema this weekend.
• THE NEGATIVE¶
• The negative is formed by adding ‘not’ after ought (ought not to). It can be contracted to oughtn’t to. The negative of ought to is not common. We usually use shouldn’t or should not instead.
• OUGHT TO OR SHOULD?¶
• Ought to and should are similar in meaning. Should is more common than ought to. Ought to is more formal than should:
• to be to. to be to + have V3¶
• to be to expresses arrangements, plans:
• We are to meet our friend at the station.
• The meeting is to be held tomorrow.
• They were to meet outside the cinema. (It is unknown whether they succeeded in meeting or not)
• Use to be to + have V3 when previously scheduled plans were abandoned: * They were to have met outside the cinema. (They did not meet)
• need¶
• Need can also play a role of modal verb.
• You needn’t go into details
• You needn’t have waited for the manager, the secretary could have signed the papers

THE END