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SUMMARY
Radiographic, Ultrasonographic, Thoracoscopic Approach in Diagnostic Evaluation of
Pleural Effusion in Dogs and Cats.
Pleura is membrane of mesoepithelial origin which lines the inside of the chest cavity and also
covers the members in it. This membrane parts two as the layer covering the lungs; “visceral
pleura” and the layer lining the chest; “parietal pleura”. Between these layers, there is pleural
cavity. Some pleural fluid(a dog 10 kg has around 2.4 ml) is in this cavity. The fluid in pleural
cavity ensures slipperiness needed for retraction of thorax during respiration. “pleural effusion”
is defined as abnormality in amount of all varietys’ fluid caused by various diseases.
Pleural effusions are categorized as clinicopahtologic characters of increasing fluid.
Pleural effusions are named as “hydrothorax” for transudat and serous effusions which are non-
Inflammator, “pyothorax” or “empyema” for effusions containing fluid of high percentage of
neutrophil granulocyte and fibrin, “hemothorax” for detecting of blood in increasing fluid, and
“cheliothorax” for detecting of chyle in increasing fluid.
Generally, clinical and radiographic inspections are practised in diagnosis of pleural
effusion on dogs and cats. However, some thorax diseases except of hearth have same vision as
in pleural effusion. Especially, neoplasia, cyst and abscess of diffuse lung could be confused with
schedule of pleural effusion. Pleural effusions usually progresses with massive lesion and still
could not be deteched in radiogram as the mass is in superposition because of effusion Schedule.
Ġn recent years, ultrasonography is also used in thorax diseases with the exception of heart.
Pleural effusions, cyst and abscess of lung, diffuse massive lesions could be distinguished
especially by ultrasonographic imaging method. As well, massive lesions coming to
superimposition in radiogram could also be discerned. Besides, thoracoscopy medhod of
diagnosis and treatment is used for pleural effusions, too thoracoscopy is defined as a minimal
invasive operative endoscophic medhod used in vision of thorasic cavity and the members of it.
Close to 100% of accurate diagnosis and treatment are performed by thoracoscophic approach.
This study was aimed at a comparative assessment of clinical, radiographic,
ultrasonographic, thoracoscophic examinations and labaratory parametres in dogs and cats with
pleural effusion. The coordination of diagnostic methods as an statistically significant
differences, the procedures of noncardiac ultrasonography of thoracic cavity and the other
thoracoscophic evaluations not routinely performed in Turkey also assessed.
25 cats and 15 dogs in various by breeds, age and gender referred from Ankara
University faculty of Veterinary Medicine Clinics and veterinary specialty centers to
radiodiagnostic unit for evaluation of thoracic radiography were optioned.
With this study, pleural effusion was determined in radiography, ultrasonography and
thoracoscopy. Ethiology of disease was established by pleural fluid sample and biopsy material
which are taken so sheme of accurate treatment is supplied. On the other hand; the procedures of
thoracoscophic and ultrasonographic imaging not routinely performed in Turkey in noncardiac
thoracic diseases of veterinary practice and the coordination of these diagnostic methods
determined.
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