Types of Forming Words. Derivation. Affixation

Semantically suffixes fall into:

• Semantically suffixes fall into:
• Monosemantic:the suffix -ess has only one meaning ‘female’ – tigress, tailoress;
• Polysemantic: the suffix -hood has two meanings:
• ‘condition or quality’ – falsehood, womanhood;
• ‘collection or group’ – brotherhood.

According to their generalizing denotational meaning suffixes may fall into several groups. E.g., noun-suffixes fall into those denoting:

• According to their generalizing denotational meaning suffixes may fall into several groups. E.g., noun-suffixes fall into those denoting:
• the agent of the action: -er (baker); -ant (accountant);
• appurtenance: -an/-ian (Victorian, Russian); -ese (Chinese);
• collectivity: -dom (officialdom); -ry (pleasantry);
• Diminutiveness:-ie (birdie); -let (cloudlet); -ling (wolfling).

According to their stylistic reference suffixes may be classified into:

• According to their stylistic reference suffixes may be classified into:
• those characterized by neutral stylistic reference: -able (agreeable); -er (writer); -ing (meeting);
• those having a certain stylistic value: -oid (asteroid); -tron (cyclotron).

These suffixes occur usually in terms and are bookish.

3.2. PREFIXATION. CLASSIFICATION OF PREFIXES.

• Prefixation is the formation of words with the help of prefixes, which are derivational morphemes, affixed before the derivational base.
• A prefix is a derivational morpheme preceding the root-morpheme and modifying its meaning (understand – mis-understand, correct – in-correct).

Prefixes can be classified according to different principles.

• According to the lexico-grammatical character of the base prefixes are usually added to, they may be:
• deverbal (those added to the verbal base): re- (rewrite); over- (overdo); out- (outstay);
• denominal (those added to the nominal base): - (unbutton); de- (detrain); ex- (ex-president);
• deadjectival (those added to the adjectival base): un- (uneasy); bi- (biannual).
• deadverbial (those added to the adverbial base): un- (unfortunately); in- independently).