13.5% and ossi
fication pattern in 13% of cases. Haemangioma-like
pattern occurred in 8.1% and metastasis-like pattern in 6.5% of cases.
According to expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic
and alveolar echinococcosis in humans [
16
], typical
findings observed
in 70% of cases are these corresponding to hailstorm and pseudocystic
patterns. There are some studies from China [
24
–26
] evaluating the
usefulness of serological tests depending on the type of liver lesion of
AE in ultrasound examination under
field condition. The ultrasound
classi
fication used in those studies was based on the size, number of
lesions in the liver and presence of central necrotic
fluid, without
considering the type of lesions. According to the classi
fication used in
our study, lesions with necrotic
fluid classified as pseudocystic type
(pattern 2) were observed in the above-cited studies in 23.6% [
24
],
32.8% [
25
] and in 45.1% [
26
] of cases, respectively.
Our study did not reveal any metastasis-like lesions, which usually
pose particular diagnostic challenge. Statistical analysis did not show a
Table 1
Patients
’ characteristics and prevalence of sonomorphological patterns.
Certain
diagnosis
Probable
diagnosis
Total
Number of cases
39
19
58
Age at diagnosis (range)
52.3 (6
–82)
54 (30
–78)
52.9
(6
–82)
Females/Males
19/20
11/8
30/28
Stage at diagnosis:
Stage I
2
2
4
Stage II
14
0
14
Stage IIIa
8
10
18
Stage IIIb
3
1
4
Stage IV
12
6
18
Prevalence of sonomorphological
patterns:
1
– hailstorm pattern
24
9
33
2
– pseudocystic pattern
13
8
21
3
– metastasis-like pattern
0
0
0
4
– haemangioma-like pattern
2
0
2
5
– ossification pattern
0
2
2
Table 2
Number of patients with sonomorphological patterns 1 and 2 in groups de
fined
based on resectability of the lesions.
completely resectable
yes
no
sum
sonomorphological pattern
1
N
10
23
33
NC
62.5%
60.5%
61.1%
NR
30.3%
69.7%
100%
2
N
6
15
21
NC
37.5%
39.5%
38.9%
NR
28.6%
71.4%
100%
sum
N
16
38
54
NC
100%
100%
100%
NR
29.6%
70.4%
100%
N - number of elements in subgroups; NR - percentage of the number relative to
the sum of counts for the given row; NC - percentage of the number relative to
the sum of counts for the given column.
Table 3
Number of patients with a given
“stage of disease” and “sonomorphological pattern” 1 and 2.
stage of disease
I
II
IIIa
IIIb
IV
sum
sonomorphological pattern
1
N
3
7
10
1
12
33
NC
100%
53.8%
58.8%
25%
70.6%
61.1%
NR
9.1%
21.2%
30.3%
3%
36.4%
100%
2
N
0
6
7
3
5
21
NC
0%
46.2%
41.2%
75%
29.4%
38.9%
NR
0%
28.6%
33.3%
14.3%
23.8%
100%
sum
N
3
13
17
4
17
54
NC
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
NR
5.6%
24.1%
31.5%
7.4%
31.5%
100%
N - number of elements in subgroups; NR - percentage of the number relative to the sum of counts for the given row; NC - percentage of the number relative to the
sum of counts for the given column.
Table 4
Results of logistic regression analysis with completely resectable as the de-
pendent variable.
variable
β
SD
z-value
p(> |z|)
intercept
−0.8229
0.3788
−2.199
0.0279
sonomorphological pattern (2)
−0.0834
0.6139
−0.136
0.8920
independent variable: sonomorphological pattern; SD - standard deviation.
Fig. 4. ROC curve.
M. Sulima, et al.
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