Central Asia’s water resources and their importance for the region In Central Asia, water is life. It represents the basis of socio-economic
development for the countries of the region and also a major link for na-
tional and regional security. More than 90% of the region’s water resources
are used for irrigated agriculture, which produces about 30% of the re-
gional GDP and provides employment for more than 60% of the region’s
population. The proportion of used by the region out of the total electricity
consumed is 27.3%. In some countries (Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan) this
figure rises to over 90%, a fact that that shows a clear dependence of these
countrie’s economies on the availability of water resources.
Water resources allocation throughout Central Asia is non-uniformly
that predetermines necessity of interaction of all countries of the region
for their management and use.
The water resources of Central Asia consist of the river flow formed
owing to water from atmospheric precipitation, melt glacial waters and
underground waters. Table 1 shows the volumes of surface flow of the
large rivers of region –the Amu-Darya and the Syr-Darya, which are of
particular interest owing to their special importance, both for economic
management and for geopolitical purposes.
There are more than 4,000 reservoir-lakes and water reservoirs in
Central Asia. The largest of them are: the diminishing Aral Sea, one of
the deepest lakes of the world –Issyk Kul (668 m), Lake Balkhash and
Lake Sarez. On the Naryn river lies he Toktogul reservoir measuring
19.5 km
3
, while on the Vakhsh river there is Nurek reservoir (10.5 km
3
).
Along with them there are more than 3,000 very small high-mountain-
ous glacial lakes, tens of seasonally regulated reservoirs of, and thousands
of basins and ponds of a decade and daily regulation.
The underground water resources of Central Asia within the frame-
work of the Aral Sea Basin are estimated at 43.77 km
3
, with available
resources totalling 15.83 km
3
.
Impacts of climate change on water resources in Central Asia
39
Número 25, 2009