Impacts of climate change on water resources in Central Asia
41
Número 25, 2009
Observations of Tien-Shan’s glaciers show that a warming climate leads
to their steady reduction. So, on Tuyuksu glacier (located in the ridges
of the northern Tien-Shan) and Kara-Batkak glacier (Issyk Kul moun-
tain range), glacier surface area from 1957 to 1997 reduced by 16.5 and
18.0 meters, or more than one-third of the glacier’s average thickness. The
largest glacier in the Kyrgyz Ala Too –Golubin Glacier– shrank by 6m
from 1972 till 1993 (Podrezov; Dikikh; Bakirov, 2003). On Ak-Shyjrak
massif, for the period of 1943-1977, in height intervals of 3700-3900
meters, glacier surfaces reduced by 13,3-14,4 meters, and of 4,800-5,000
meters–3.7-6.0 meters (Kuzmichenok, 2006). Observations show that
glacial areas of Kyrgyzstan could be reduced approximately by 20% since
the creation of the “Catalogue of USSR glaciers” in the 1950’s-60’s.
Tajikistan’s glaciers, which form a considerable part of the glacial river
flow of Amu-Darya basin, are subject to considerable influence by climate
change as well. The surveys of the front of Zeravshan Glacier showed that
from 1908 till 1986 it actively degraded and reduced by almost 1 km. The
lower border of Abramov Glacier from 1850 till 1984 retreated by 80m,
while the ice volume on the glacier tongue decreased by 630 million m
3
.
Fedchenko Glacier which, at over 70 is the largest in the country, reduced
by almost 1 km during the 20
th
century, while its surface area decreased by
11 km
2
and it lost about 2 km
3
of ice. Thus all the inflows on the right have
almost separated from it, becoming independent glaciers. Now the lower
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