Bibliographical references
INTERSTATE COMMISSION FOR WATER COORDINATION OF CENTRAL
ASIA (ICWC), Integrated Water Resources Management in Ferghana
Valley.
2007. www.icwc-aral.uz
KARAEV, Z., Water Diplomacy in Central Asia. Global Research in
International Affairs (GLORIA). http://meria.idc.ac.il
KASIMOVA, V., Energiya, Ekologiya [Water, Energy, Ecology]. Bishkek:
International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea, 2000
KIRSANOV, I. and KIM, D. Central Asia: Battle for Water. Eurasia Heritage
Foundation. http://www.fundeh.org/eng/publications/articles/109/
USUBALIEV, T.U. On Interstate use of water works and water resources of
the Kyrgyz Republic”.
The Law of the Kyrgyz Republic. Bishkek, 2002.
Web resources
AKIpress News Agency, www.akipress.kg
Kabar News Agency. Kazakhstan. www.kabar.ru
National Plan on Intergated management of water resources of Kazakhstan,
www.caresd.net/iwrm/ru/Prodoc-%20Feb%2010%20rus.doc
Oficial web-page of Kyrgyz-Kazakh joint commission on use of Talas and
Chu rivers. www.talaschu.kz
Official web-page of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
www.undp.org/water
93
Final Report
1
Workshop on Water Resources Management In Central Asia:
Regional And International Issues At Stake
Organised by the CIDOB Foundation within the framework of
the Central Asia Observatory
The Observatory on Central Asia (OAC) was launched in 2007 by three
institutions with a common interest in the region: Casa Asia, the CI-
DOB Foundation and the Royal Elcano Institute
Managing water resources in Central Asia
The opening address pointed out the importance of the issue of water
management in the Central Asia region as an element of cooperation or
conflict between states. Next, the first presentation analysed the implica-
tions of the subject with respect to security, and the prospects for regional
cooperation on water management in the region. It was stretched that, first-
ly, the debate on water management in Central Asia revolves around the use
of water for irrigation or for generating energy. It was also pointed out that
in spite of the fact that several agreements and declarations have been signed
since 1992, no legal framework exists on which to base inter-state coopera-
1. This report presents a summary of the main conclusions of the seminar and is based on the
different speeches and debates during the meeting. This report was produced by Francesc
Fàbregues, coordinator of the CIDOB seminar, with the valuable collaboration of Aurelia
Mañé, Director of the Central Asia Observatoryand Carlos Fernández-Jáuregui, rapporteur
of the workshop and former director of the UN-Water Decade Office , Zaragoza.
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Workshop on Water Resources Management In Central Asia
tion or to manage conflicts, and that some agreements are not implemented
adequately. In this respect, it was declared that it is of the utmost importance
to build a stronger legal framework adapted to the countries in the region.
The final conclusion stressed that water management is a matter of national
security in her country, Kazakhstan, just as it is in Uzbekistan and Turk-
menistan, and was mentioned, as an example of a possible area of conflict,
the case of the Kok Caray dam project, which envisages a dam being built
between Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
There was also a second exposition, on the Integrated Water Re-
sources Management (IWRM) project in Uzbekistan, the aim of
which is to introduce comprehensive management of water to en-
courage sustainable development in the area. In this context, there
were some complains about the lack of coordination between interna-
tional donors and agents in the region is a factor that directly affects
the results of the projects that have been implemented. It was also
highlighted the unfavourable legacy of water management strategies
that date back to the days of the Soviet Union.
In the debate that followed, the participants emphasised the issue of
the lack of governance in water management in the Central Asia region
and mentioned several symptoms, such as: the lack of national authorities
dedicated to water management; the absence of a suitable legal framework
that would enable the public participation of the different communities;
the lack of adequate human resources and sufficient funding and, finally,
the absence of reliable and transparent information on the real situation
of water resources. Another issue that came up in the debate was the role
of international donors and agents, thereby acknowledging the important
role played by the international community in the region. Other issues
mentioned by the workshop’s participants included: the various levels of
legislation and of its practical implementation in the different countries in
the region, the lack of political will to solve conflicts, the need to perceive
electricity as a common element in the different countries, and the fact
Workshop on Water Resources Management In Central Asia
95
Número 25, 2009
that the authorities in the region have a need for both financial aid and
assistance in the area of governance. Finally, the participants pointed out
that the shared management of water resources is and has always been an
opportunity for regional cooperation, and not a direct source of conflict.
The second part of the seminar gave warning warning about the effects
of climate change on Central Asia, and particularly with respect to the
degradation of the Aral Sea area. There was also a description of the wa-
ter management problem in the strategic Ferghana Valley. The speaker
bemoaned Kyrgyzstan’s poor water management over the past 17 years,
before going on to stress the difficulty of managing river watercourses,
given that they involve different countries through their common bor-
ders. The participants stressed the importance of foreign investment in
water infrastructures in the region, and called for greater presence from
the EU, to act as a mediator in the event of possible conflicts over water
in the region, remarking the fact that water management could be a pos-
sible factor for integration and cooperation between States.
During the debate, participants focused on topics such as the presence
of the private sector for investing in infrastructures, as well as on the
roles of other countries in the region, such as Turkmenistan, Afghanistan
and China. In this context, emphasis was placed on the arbitrariness of
borders and on the need to include all the countries with shared water
basins in negotiations on water management in the region. An emblem-
atic example of this problem is the Aral Sea basin: in order to solve it, a
climate of complete trust and transparency must be created among all
the public authorities in the region.
Various arguments were also presented during the debate concerning
the potential for conflict in Central Asia over water management issues,
such as: the disappearance of the regional water strategy linked with the
now-defunct Soviet Union; the problem concerning the use of water for
irrigation or for generating energy; the absence of any legal or institutional
framework that could help to arbitrate in the event of conflict; the regional
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strategy of exchanging water for energy between the different countries in
the area (a dynamic that encourages the presence of external actors in the
region); obsolete and “nationally” segmented infrastructures that require
enormous spending; the environmental cost of bad water management
that leads to increased poverty; the migration phenomenon and the loss
of traditional ways of life; the lack of political will among leaders in the
region; the prospects for water shortages, and the absence of political and
economic cooperation among the countries of the region.
The workshop’s conclusions were presented by Carlos Fernández
Jáuregui, Director of the Water Assessment & Advisory-Global Network
(WASA-GN) and former Director of the Office of the United Nations
Decade of Water. Finally, Aurèlia Mañé, Director of the Observatory on
Central Asia, closed the workshop while stating that the Observatory
would continue this kind of activities in the future.
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