Welcome to Mr Aslanov’s Lessons QUESTION-TYPE BASED TESTS Aslanovs_Lessons
TEST 10 – Art Artists Liars Reading Passage has six paragraphs, A-F. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
List of Headings
i Unsuccessful deceit
ii Biological basis between liars and artists
iii How to lie in an artistic way
iv Confabulations and the exemplifiers
v The distinction between artists and common liars
vi The fine line between liars and artists
vii The definition of confabulation
viii Creativity when people lie
A. Shortly before his death, Marlon Brando was working on a series of instructional videos about acting, to
he called "Lying for a living”. On the surviving footage, Brando can he seen dispensing gnomic advice on
his craft to a group of enthusiastic, if somewhat bemused, Hollywood stars, including Leonardo Di Caprio
and Sean Penn. Brando also recruited random people from the Los Angeles street and persuaded them to
improvise (the footage is said to include a memorable scene featuring two dwarves and a giant Samoan). "If
you can lie, you can act." Brando told Jod Kaftan, a writer for Rolling Stone and one of the few people to
have viewed the footage. “Are you good at lying?” asked Kaftan. "Jesus." said Brando, “I'm fabulous at it".
B. Brando was not the first person to note that the line between an artist and a liar is a line one. If art is a
kind of lying, then lying is a form of art, albeit of a lower order-as Oscar Wilde and Mark Twain have
observed. Indeed, lying and artistic storytelling spring from a common neurological root-one that is
exposed in the cases of psychiatric patients who suffer from a particular kind of impairment. Both liars and
artists refuse to accept the tyranny of reality. Both carefully craft stories that are worthy of belief - a skill
requiring intellectual sophistication, emotional sensitivity and physical self-control (liars are writers and
performers of their own work). Such parallels are hardly coincidental, as I discovered while researching my
book on lying.
C. A case study published in 1985 by Antonio Damasio, a neurologist, tells the story of a middle-aged
woman with brain damage caused by a series of strokes. She retained cognitive abilities, including coherent
speech, but what she actually said was rather unpredictable. Checking her knowledge of contemporary
events, Damasio asked her about the Falklands War. In the language of psychiatry, this woman was
“confabulating”. Chronic confabulation is a rare type of memory problem that affects a small proportion of
brain damaged people. In the literature it is defined as "the production of fabricated, distorted or
misinterpreted memories about oneself or the world, without the conscious intention to deceive”. Whereas
amnesiacs make errors of omission, there are gaps in their recollections they find impossible to fill –
confabulators make errors of commission: they make tilings up. Rather than forgetting, they are inventing.
Confabulating patients are nearly always oblivious to their own condition, and will earnestly give absurdly
implausible explanations of why they're in hospital, or talking to a doctor. One patient, asked about his
surgical sear, explained that during the Second World War he surprised a teenage girl who shot him three
times in the head, killing him, only for surgery to bring him back to life. The same patient, when asked about
his family, described how at various times they had died in his arms, or had been killed before his eyes.
Others tell yet more fantastical tales, about trips to the moon, fighting alongside Alexander in India or seeing
Jesus on the Cross. Confabulators aren’t out to deceive. They engage in what Morris Moseovitch, a
neuropsychologist, calls “honest lying". Uncertain and obscurely distressed by their uncertainty, they are