Formulation of atmospheric energy cycle. The formulation of atmospheric energetics here is follow-
ing previous studies
56
,
57
. Climatological-mean state is considered as a background state for high-pass-filtered
fluctuations. All the terms are three-dimensionally integrated over the North Pacific domain [130°E − 130°W,
20° − 65°N] and between specified vertical levels. The residue corresponds mainly to the dissipation of EKE with
contributions from interactions between high-frequency eddies and low-frequency variabilities.
Data availability The JRA-55 atmospheric reanalysis is available online in
https:// jra. kishou. go. jp/ JRA- 55/ index_ en. html
. The
FORA-WNP30 oceanic reanalysis is available online in
http:// www. godac. jamst ec. go. jp/ fora/e/ index. html
.
Received: 23 December 2020; Accepted: 10 June 2021
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