Будова мови І внутрішнє членування мовознавства

• THEME: “Assimilation Aspiration Accommodation”

• INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF FINANCE TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

• ISFT – 2023

• Students: SIDDIQOVA MAHBUBA
• NURALIYEVA ZARINA
• MUHAMMADALIYEVA FARANGIZ
• MAMADIYOROVA SARVINOZ
• KAMOLOV ANVAR
• Group: FLF -03
• Teacher: N.YULDASHEVA

• MID - TERM

Assimilation is a phonetic process when two adjacent consonants within a word or at word boundaries influence each other in such a way that the articulation of one sound becomes similar or even identical with the articulation of the other one.

Assimilation may affect:

•  the work of an active organ, e.g., congress;
•  the point of articulation as in, e.g., congratulate;
•  the manner of production of noise, e.g., in let me as [ˈlemɪ];
• the work of vocal cords, e.g., gooseberry;
• the lip position, e.g., twenty;
•  the position of the soft palate, e.g., sandwich.

When the articulation of a sound is changed under the influence of the neighbouring sound in the course of language development assimilation is historical. Contextual assimilation takes place when the articulation of a sound changes under the influence of the neighbouring sounds in rapid colloquial speech or in the living language.

When a sound is influenced by an adjoining sound assimilation is called contact. When a sound is influenced by a distant one assimilation is called distant. Such cases are not typical of Present-day English and Ukrainian Phonetics (желізо – залізо).

ACCOMMODATION

• In accommodation the accommodated sound doesn’t change its main phonemic features, and is pronounced as a principal variant of the same phoneme slightly modified under the influence of a neighbouring sound.

The omission of certain syllables is called haplology, not registered in English, but spread in Ukrainian (мінералологія - мінералогія, трагікокомедія - трагікомедія) Metathesis – the change of syllables / sounds within a word (суворий, намисто, ведмідь, бондар).

Aspiration is a feature in languages where saying a consonant gives out a puff of air. For example, if you dangle a piece of paper in front of your mouth, you will see it move if you say an aspirated, or breathy, consonant. If the paper does not move, then it is unaspirated, or not breathy. In English, voiceless stops and fricatives that happen at the beginning of a word are aspirated, which are the sounds 'p', 't', 'k', and 'ch' (which are written as /p/, /t/, /k/, /t͡ʃ/ in IPA in the same order). In IPA, aspirated sounds can be written with an ʰ symbol afterwards, as in /pʰ/, /tʰ/, /kʰ/, and /t͡ʃʰ/. For example, the first sound in the words "pick", "tick", "kick", and "chick" are all aspirated.

• Aspiration is a feature in languages where saying a consonant gives out a puff of air. For example, if you dangle a piece of paper in front of your mouth, you will see it move if you say an aspirated, or breathy, consonant. If the paper does not move, then it is unaspirated, or not breathy. In English, voiceless stops and fricatives that happen at the beginning of a word are aspirated, which are the sounds 'p', 't', 'k', and 'ch' (which are written as /p/, /t/, /k/, /t͡ʃ/ in IPA in the same order). In IPA, aspirated sounds can be written with an ʰ symbol afterwards, as in /pʰ/, /tʰ/, /kʰ/, and /t͡ʃʰ/. For example, the first sound in the words "pick", "tick", "kick", and "chick" are all aspirated.

In IPA, they are written as /pʰɪk/, /tʰɪk/, /kʰɪk/, and /t͡ʃʰɪk/ in the same order. However, voiceless stops and fricatives that appear after the first sound are unaspirated. For example, while the /p/ in "pit" is aspirated, the /p/ in "spit" and the /p/ in "tip" are not, so they would not be marked with an ʰ symbol afterwards. Below are more examples of aspiration.

• In IPA, they are written as /pʰɪk/, /tʰɪk/, /kʰɪk/, and /t͡ʃʰɪk/ in the same order. However, voiceless stops and fricatives that appear after the first sound are unaspirated. For example, while the /p/ in "pit" is aspirated, the /p/ in "spit" and the /p/ in "tip" are not, so they would not be marked with an ʰ symbol afterwards. Below are more examples of aspiration.

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