Department of commercialization of scientific and innovative developments management and control

TASHKENT STATE ECONOMIC UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCIALIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENTS
MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL
the text of the lectures

LECTURE 1. DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT THEORY AND PRACTICE
The words "Management" and "Manager" are currently widely used not only in work, but also in everyday life, reflecting the modern trends of the economic growth of the state in the transition to the market economy.
"Management" is an English word translated into Russian as management, organization, leadership. Thus, management management means management of this or that activity by economy, finance and management by the organization or management. There are several definitions of the concept of management in the scientific literature. We will mention 3 of them:
— achieving organizational goals through people working in the organization;
— is a special type of activity that turns an unorganized gang into an effective, purposeful productive group (organization);
— are the processes of planning, organization, leadership and control to achieve organizational goals through the mediation of labor and material resources.
Although these definitions are different, they have 3 common features:
1) indicates that there is a certain purpose in management;
2) this type of activity is distinguished by its special intellectual character;
3) indicates the existence of a management position in the organization.
Management, meaning the concept of management, is quite different from the management characteristic of the administrative command economy:
The first difference is that management is characteristic of a market economy.
The second difference is that management is an economic method of management.
The third difference is that management is the science and art of effective management.
Let's see how these concepts are related:
Business - business management. Management is understood as a special activity of leaders and specialists.
As a rule, a manager is an employee who is paid by the employer. A manager is an organizational employee at any level who can use people's power to achieve the organization's goals. If a group of people work together, the group will have a manager. In most cases, an entrepreneur in a small business performs the functions of both the boss and the manager. And on the contrary, in corporations, in large firms, the body of the managerial level of the manager is part-owner at the time. (For example: the director of the company can be the boss.) With the transition to a market economy in the Republic of Uzbekistan, it became necessary to include a "management" textbook in the educational course, because effective management leads to an increase in the efficiency of the organization.
"Management" is an English word. There are many definitions of management.
In general, management should be understood as the art of management, to achieve a set goal by using people's intelligence and behavior, labor. It transforms unorganized elements into effective and productive forces. In other words, management is the ability of the leader to achieve strategic and tactical goals of the organization.
The term "management" is management of socio-economic processes of economic activities with individuals and employees at the organizational level.
Who is the manager? A manager is a concrete person involved in professional management activities. It should be noted that there are professions that people can master regardless of their nature and psychophysical characteristics. But there are professions that require psychophysiological characteristics in addition to professional skills. Among such professions, we can also include the profession of a manager, in order to become a master of the profession, management work requires certain qualities, the lack of qualities leads to unfitness for the profession.
A manager is a management LECTURE working in a certain organization, a management specialist. A representative of a special profession, an economist engaged in management activities is not an accountant.
Manager is an independent profession, unlike other professions. Only the manager motivates the achievement of the results by the employees, while other specialists perform specific tasks, but not managerial tasks.
A manager is a person who has achieved results through special training and other people. This is a recognized captain in any team. Thus, the manager is a profession that can be achieved by special training.
Management in one form or another is where people work as a group and usually in three areas of society:
- political - the need to apply and establish order in groups;
- economic - distribution of resources, need for production;
- defense - protection from enemies and wild animals.
When we consider the development of management theory and practice, we can distinguish several progressive periods.