Examples of the history of the material culture of chaganian are the pearls of our spirituality

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World Bulletin of Social Sciences (WBSS) 
Available Online at: 
https://www.scholarexpress.net 
Vol. 5, December - 2021 
ISSN: 
2749-361X 
142 
EXAMPLES OF THE HISTORY OF THE MATERIAL CULTURE OF 
CHAGANIAN ARE THE PEARLS OF OUR SPIRITUALITY 
 
Ergashev Mavlon Eshniyozovich 
Lecturer at the Department of General History of the Faculty of History, Termez State University. 
Email: 
[e-mail]
 
Article history: 
Abstract: 
Received: 
October 20
th
2021 
The article provides a scientific analysis of the formation of the Chaganian 
state, theoretical and practical views on its development, discussions on this 
issue, the spiritual foundations of the first statehood, which is of particular 
importance in the history of Uzbek statehood.
Accepted: 
November 20
th
2021 
Published: 
December 28
th
2021 
Keywords: 
Chaganiyan, museum, early Iron Age, Mirshodi, Mulali, statehood, crafts, citadel, Chagankhudot, 
tradition. 
 
Chaganiyan (Arabic: Saganiyan) is a historical 
and cultural region located in the middle and upper 
reaches of the Chaganrud River. If you look at it from 
today's point of view, then its territory includes Sariosi, 
Uzun, Denau, Altynsai, Baysun, Shurchinsky, 
Kumkurgan districts of our region. Chaganiyan as a 
historical land was first mentioned in historical sources 
by the Chinese politician Xuanzang in about 630. 
Traces of the earliest people in this area date back to 
the Mesolithic and Neolithic eras. The museum houses 
Neolithic samples of the Chaganian Stone Age in the 
Stone and Bronze Age Hall. 
As you know, mil.av. After 5–3 thousand 
years, people invent new methods of making stone 
tools - grinding, drilling, sawing. This period in science 
is called the Neolithic - the new stone age. Axes, axes, 
chisels and saws are made of stone. Sharpened axes 
were used for chopping trees, building tents, 
moistening animal meat, and as weapons of war. 
In the foothills of Babatag in the 5th-4th 
millennia BC, 1 stone hammer, 1 stone plow and 1 
stone ax used for cutting trees, 1 stone crusher, stone 
tools that our ancestors used to cultivate the land, the 
material culture of this period is exhibited in the Hall 
stone and bronze age of the museum as the most 
unique material evidence of its history.
Monuments of the Bronze Age also play an 
important role in the history of the material culture of 
Chaganian. 
If on the territory of Uzbekistan there are 3 
main agricultural oases dating back to the Bronze Age, 
then all three (Sherabad, Shurchi, Bandikhan) fall on 
the territory of Surkhandarya. Bronze Age Hashonian 
tribal settlements such as Mirshodi and Mulali have 
been discovered with village forts, early cities and 
tombs. 
Farmers cultivated wheat, barley, oats and 
cotton in the oases. Granaries, blankets, hoes, piles of 
hay were found in the houses. The potter's wheel was 
widely used in pottery. A wide exposition of artifacts 
from Copollitepe and Jarkotan in the showcases of the 
Bronze Age museum gives viewers an idea of the 
Chagan people who lived a similar life in the Bronze 
Age, as well as their way of life, crafts and art.
In particular, in 2003, in the village of 
Dzhoyylma, Shurchinsky district, for mil. The discovery 
of a ceramic seal of the 17th - 15th centuries depicting 
a snake is of great importance for the study of the 
history of Chaganian dating back to the Bronze Age. 
This means that the first state culture was formed in 
Chaganiyon, as well as in Jarkotan. This unique find is 
currently on display in the Bronze Age Hall of the 
museum.
It is known that in the 9th-6th centuries BC, 
the Chaganiyan region was characterized by 
monuments of the early Iron Age, like other regions of 
Uzbekistan (Khorezm, Bactria, Sogd, Chach, Fergana). 
A distinctive feature of this period is the widespread 
use of iron in the manufacture of household appliances 
and weapons. The abundance of iron ore in nature 
compared to copper and tin, and the strength of iron 
have led to the proliferation of tools made from it. For 
example, in the hall of the first Iron Age of the 
museum, found in Mirshodi in the 9th-6th centuries 
BC, found stone and iron sickles, stone hammers, 
sharpeners, mallets, sledge hammers, iron swords and 
iron spearheads are examples of the high agricultural 
culture of Chaganian. In particular, attention is drawn 
to the bone labor tool for processing woolen fabrics, 
which was the first example of the first textile industry. 
It was during this period that agricultural land 
expanded in the Chagani region and the construction 
of irrigation facilities began (a canal in the Bandikhan 
oasis). The pastoralist tribes living in the deserts and 
steppes began to produce more. This led to the 
separation of crafts from agriculture. Forts with 
complex defenses appeared in the villages. Among 
them are Bandikhontepa, Kyzyltepa and other 
monuments. 
In this regard, a model of the Red 
archaeological monument and a model of the 
courtyard of this period are placed in the hall. 

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