Extracted Extracted

Extracted

• Extracted

• Comb

• Chunk

• Creamed

• Mead

Collected using pollen traps

• Collected using pollen traps

• Carbs, proteins, many vitamins and minerals

Propolis trap

• Propolis trap

• Used in wood varnish since the early 18th century

• WebMD recommends propolis for cold sores

• Used to treat burns

• Being studied in Japan for possible antitumor growth effects.

Mostly water

• Mostly water

• Proteins

• Wide variety, small amount of vitamins

• Topical anti-inflammatory and sore treatment

Extremely flammable

• Extremely flammable

• Cell cappings and old brood combs

• Foundation

• Cosmetics

• Superior candles

Used to treat arthritis and rheumatism

• Used to treat arthritis and rheumatism

• Mild electric shock can cause bees to secrete venom without losing their stinger

• Melittin has powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties

• The inconsistent composition and wide variety of other toxic chemicals make general claims difficult

Should re-queen every 2 years

• Should re-queen every 2 years

• Eggs from one colony may be given to a builder colony to produce queen cells

• Large drone population required

• Use mating nuc as queen’s home while she attempts mating flights