NOUN and noun of category
Erkinova Mohinur
2
nd
Foreign language student
In Preschool and Primary education
Anatation
: This article deals with the most distinctive features of nouns,
all of which have a single general grammatical meaning. Since the noun
category has a subject meaning, it indicates the number, quantity of
objects, and takes the suffixes of the number category. Nouns, which
represent the opposite of singular and plural numbers, try to influence other
words in terms of structure, in other words, the verbs and rhymes
associated with the nouns are mutually compatible within the number
category. Another morphological-structural indicator of nouns is manifested
in their association with the article. In the transition of words belonging to
another category to the category of nouns, the article becomes the unit that
proves that the phenomenon of substantivization.
Keywords
: noun, object, category, determination, syntax, structure,
semantics, postposition, substantiation.
Noun is a word group that is radically different from other word groups,
with its grammatical semantic features as opposed to verbs and other types
of words. Such a contradiction has not only semantic, but also formal and
functional indicators. The most distinctive feature of horses is that they all
appear to have a single general grammatical meaning. Who, what, where
in grammar guides? it is recommended to call a lexical unit that answers
questions and names a creature, thing, place, event. So. "to call a being or
a part of it as an object" is the general attitude. grammatical meaning of a
horse. In such a definition, the concept of subject is not a logical
phenomenon but has a grammatical meaning. Logical object is an
inanimate object that directly affects the sense organ, and in
grammar it is understood in a broad sense, it is considered to have the
essence of "existence". Grammatical subject meaning also includes words
that do not have a material property, and their group also includes units
with an abstract meaning. The words in this group are a substantivized
form of the meanings of quality, quantity, action. The noun differs from
other word groups, such as adjectives, verbs, and adverbs, which do not
have a substantive appearance in relation to their categorical, semantic,
grammatical features according to the function they perform in speech
structures. If the words in the category of adjectives and adverbs have an
attributive place that represents the sign of things, the form calls the sign of
that sign: It seems that in modem English it is necessary to pay attention to
some formal signs in distinguishing the words
inthe
category of horses from
those in other categories. The role of word-formation tools in this regard
should also
be taken into account. However, the syntactic function plays a key role in
the system of analytic languages. As noted by V.A. Yartseva, because the
norm of morphological forms of words is narrow, the grammatical context
comes first .The grammatical context is the way words interact in the
context of a particular type of sentence. When talking about syntactic
relations, it is necessary to take into account that syntactic relations, which
play an important role in sentence construction, do not have the same
status. No syntactic connection is known to categorize words. For example,
if we take the phrase This difficult job is very important, it becomes clear
that the
word job in it has the same connection with the parts of difficult and work.
But the connection of the word job with the work piece is weaker than that
of the difficult quality. This is because a language unit cannot be combined
with a verb in any word group: including a diamond (It is very important),
infinitive and gerund verbs (It proceed is very important) or a combination
of words (What I tell you is very important).
Only the horse can be associated with the predominant quality, while
words in other categories lack such ability: Devices such as Difficult it is
important or Difficult the proceed is important do not meet the requirements
of
English grammar rules. Hence, the connection of the word job with the is
element is a manifestation of the syntactic function that ensures that the
word is included in the sentence structure. The combination of a horse with
a quality does not perform a syntactic function. Proof of this is felt in the
fact that the reduction of the difficult quality in the above sentence structure
does not affect the sentence structure: This difficult job is very
important This job is very important. This, in turn, indicates that the
definition of a horse by quality is important in the separation of word
groups.LS Barkhudarov noted that in the division of words into certain
grammatical
categories, as the leading syntactic indicator, it is necessary to take into
account their combination with other word groups, rather than the task they
perform . For example, in the structure of a very young man, the word
young comes into contact with the words man and very. The relation of the
adjective Young to the noun (man) represents its syntactic function (the
omission of the adjective man also leads to the omission of the adjective
young). The connection of the same quality with the very form does not
perform a syntactic function, because the compound in which the very
element is dropped retains its structural integrity (a very yong mana young
man).The
fact that the syntactic function is not an important indicator in the separation
of word groups, for example, can seen in the fact that the man in the
example is combined not only with adjectives, but also with words of other
categories: diamond (out man, this man), verb forms (a smiling man, a
wounded man), number (one man, five man) and so on. At the same time,
it is difficult to imagine the combination of the horse with the form:
structures
such as very our man, very smiling man are almost uncommon in English
speech.It was said that the syntactic signs of horses should be regarded as
their combination with article, number and quality. It is also possible to use
a number of horse-making additives for this.
The noun is a part of speech which unites words with the general
categorical meaning of substance, or thingness. Nouns are the most
numerous class of words (42% of all words)` The class of nouns is
constituted by the following grammatical categories: Number (singular ,
plural); Case (common and possessive); Gender (masculine, feminine,
neutral)
Gender of nouns may be defined by 3 ways:
1)system of personal pronouns (he, she, it);2) special suffixes -er(-or) , -ess
(waitress);
3) lexical units which express the idea of gender (niece
– nephew; bull –
cow)
Common gender. Some nouns which can may both a female or a male
person they belong to so call common gender (doctor, president). Animate
nouns: he , she. Inanimate nouns - it.
The grammatical category of number in the English noun
presents a
specific linguistic reflection of quantitative relations between homogeneous
objects of reality conceptualized by the human mind. It is constituted by the
binary privative opposition of singular and plural forms. From the point of
view of their number characteristics the English nouns fall into two
classes: countable (
исчисл) and uncountable. Uncountable nouns are
further subdivided into two groups: The group of Singularia
Tantum includes: Names of abstract notions (love, friendship); Names of
mass materials (bread, butter, sugar); Names of some collective inanimate
objects (foliage, machinery); Names of sciences and professional activities
(medicine, architecture); Nouns of heterogeneous semantics. This is a
limited group and includes such nouns as: hair, advice, knowledge, money,
information, news. The group of Pluralia Tantum nouns includes: Nouns
denoting objects consisting of two parts (trousers, spectacles); Nouns
denoting results of repeated processes (savings, labours, belongings);
Nouns of multitude (police, gentry, poultry, cattle) Nouns of various
semantics (oats, outskirts, clothes)
The grammatical category of case in English nouns.
Case is a
grammatical category which marks the semantic role of the noun in the
sentence and finds a grammatical expression in the language. The roles
played by the noun in the sentence in its relations with the verb and other
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