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NAGOYA UNIVERSITY Graduate School of Law Doctoral
Dissertation
Misleading Advertising Regulation in Uzbekistan: Analysis of Legal Standards
Thesis
· September 2018
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Bakhshillo Khodjaev
Tashkent
State University of Law
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NAGOYA UNIVERSITY
Graduate School of Law
Doctoral Dissertation
Misleading Advertising Regulation in Uzbekistan:
Analysis of Legal Standards
The LL.D. (Comparative Law) Program
in Law and Political Sciences (2014-2018)
Student name: KHODJAEV Bakhshillo
Student ID number: 431404102
Academic supervisor:
Professor Hayashi Shuya
Sub-supervisor:
Professor Suzuki Masabumi
Sub-supervisor:
Professor Mizushima Tomonori
Date of Submission:
Abstract
An advertisement provides flow of commercial information
from manufacturers to
consumers, which consequently effects on consumers` choice regarding a product. Therefore, each
manufacturer tries to persuade consumers about product characteristics, but the persuasive
information can become deceptive when manufacturer attempts to manipulate consumers. Since
such advertising creates unfair advantages for its distributer and misleads consumers affecting their
purchasing
decision, the government has to regulate it by setting legal standards concerning
deception.
Deception standard was originated in the USA and has been implemented commonly in
legal systems. However, it is not applicable to Uzbekistan due to specific legal concept so-called
improper advertising, which contains standards unrelated to deception
such as non-content
regulation and substantiation standard. The formation of such external factors was a result of
misunderstanding and misimplementation of the Commercial Speech Doctrine and Consumerism
issues.
The enforcement authority is unwilling to exclude external factors from deception standard
because their existence in the legal framework provides government`s administrative interest to
keep control over advertising. Moreover, such entangled legal framework of improper advertising
gives the enforcement agency an opportunity to unreasonably intervene to the commercial speech
of entrepreneurs. This situation causes disbalance of interests in advertising market. In fact, the
government`s interest to control commercial information flow becomes
superior rather than
competitors and consumers interests. The main principle of Commercial Speech Doctrine on
limitation of government intervention does not work in practice.
Theoretical implication of the research suggests to regulator to take into account external
factors in addition to balance of interests. Accordingly, the legislative
proposal of the research
aims to separate deception standard from external non-deception standards. Moreover, the research
recommends to enforcement body to make more concentration on deception rather than external
factors in order to use deception standard more actively in practice. Since same problems have
appeared in Russia and the CIS countries, the research proposal can be applied to these countries
as well.