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NAGOYA UNIVERSITY Graduate School of Law Doctoral Dissertation
Misleading Advertising Regulation in Uzbekistan: Analysis of Legal Standards
Thesis
· September 2018
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Tashkent State University of Law
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NAGOYA UNIVERSITY
Graduate School of Law
 
 
 
 
Doctoral Dissertation
Misleading Advertising Regulation in Uzbekistan: 
Analysis of Legal Standards
The LL.D. (Comparative Law) Program 
in Law and Political Sciences (2014-2018)
Student name: KHODJAEV Bakhshillo
Student ID number: 431404102
Academic supervisor: Professor Hayashi Shuya
Sub-supervisor:
Professor Suzuki Masabumi
Sub-supervisor:
Professor Mizushima Tomonori 
Date of Submission:


 
Abstract
An advertisement provides flow of commercial information from manufacturers to 
consumers, which consequently effects on consumers` choice regarding a product. Therefore, each 
manufacturer tries to persuade consumers about product characteristics, but the persuasive 
information can become deceptive when manufacturer attempts to manipulate consumers. Since 
such advertising creates unfair advantages for its distributer and misleads consumers affecting their 
purchasing decision, the government has to regulate it by setting legal standards concerning 
deception. 
Deception standard was originated in the USA and has been implemented commonly in 
legal systems. However, it is not applicable to Uzbekistan due to specific legal concept so-called 
improper advertising, which contains standards unrelated to deception such as non-content 
regulation and substantiation standard. The formation of such external factors was a result of 
misunderstanding and misimplementation of the Commercial Speech Doctrine and Consumerism 
issues. 
The enforcement authority is unwilling to exclude external factors from deception standard 
because their existence in the legal framework provides government`s administrative interest to 
keep control over advertising. Moreover, such entangled legal framework of improper advertising 
gives the enforcement agency an opportunity to unreasonably intervene to the commercial speech 
of entrepreneurs. This situation causes disbalance of interests in advertising market. In fact, the 
government`s interest to control commercial information flow becomes superior rather than 
competitors and consumers interests. The main principle of Commercial Speech Doctrine on 
limitation of government intervention does not work in practice. 
Theoretical implication of the research suggests to regulator to take into account external 
factors in addition to balance of interests. Accordingly, the legislative proposal of the research 
aims to separate deception standard from external non-deception standards. Moreover, the research 
recommends to enforcement body to make more concentration on deception rather than external 
factors in order to use deception standard more actively in practice. Since same problems have 
appeared in Russia and the CIS countries, the research proposal can be applied to these countries 
as well. 



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