1. Syntactical and morphological characteristics of the Infinitive

The category of voice.
The Inf. of transitive verbs has the category of voice.
The difference between the category of voice in finite verb and the Inf. is that in the Inf. it is found only in the common aspect forms.
The active Inf. points out that the action is directed from the subject, the passive inf. indicates that the action is directed to the subject: Ex.: She was born to love. / She is born to be loved.
Syntactical functions of the Infinitive.
In all syntactical functions the Inf. may be used:
1) Alone, that is, without any words depending on it: Ex.: She would like to dance. 2) As the headword of an Inf. phrase, that is, with 1 or more words depending on it: Ex.: She would like to dance with him tonight. 3) As part of an Inf. predicative construction, that is, as a logical predicate to some nominal element denoting the logical subject of the Inf.: Ex.: She would like him to dance with her.
The Inf. phrase is much more common than the single Inf.

2. Syntactical and morphological characteristics of Participle 1&2.
Participle 1 is a non-finite form of the verb with some adjectival & adverbial features. It is formed by adding the suffix –ing to the stem of the verb.
P2 is a non-finite form of the verb with verbal & adjectival features. It possesses the potential verbal meaning of voice, aspect & correlation, which depend upon the meaning of the verb it is performed from & which are realized in the context. The verbal character of P2 is manifested in its combinability.
The verbal character of P1 is manifested morphologically in the categories of voice and correlation and syntactically in its combinability. Thus, it may combine with a noun or a pronoun as direct, indirect or prepositional object. It may also combine with an adverb or a prepositional phrase as an AM, or with a noun or adjective as a predicative.
The category of correlation.
The category of correlation in P1 finds it expression in the contrast of the non-perfect & perfect forms.
The non-perfect form suggests that the action denoted by P1 is simultaneous with that of the finite verb. Thus the time-reference of the action expressed by P1 can be understood only from the context.
Ex.: Learning foreign languages… u know your native tongue better/ I used to begin my day with repeating new words/ u will learn a lot about your native tongue.
The perfect form of P1 indicates that the action denoted by the P is prior to that denoted by the finite verb.
Ex.: Having learnt the English…I will start upon French/ our students start upon French or German/ we started upon French.
Non-perfect P1 regularly expresses immediate priority & denotes an instantaneous action if it is performed from terminative verbs, such as verbs of motion (come, enter, arrive, leave), of sense perception (see, hear, find) & verbs of certain specific actions associated with motion (put, put on, take, take off, open).
Ex.: Arriving at the station, he found his train gone.
Non-perfect P1 denoting a prior action usually precedes the predicate verb. When it denotes a posterior action, it stands always after predicate verb.