1. Syntactical and morphological characteristics of the Infinitive

P2 as a Part of a Compound Nominal Predicate.
The CNP consists of a link verb (be, look, get, seem, turn, remain) & a predicative (which can be expressed by P2).
Ex.: She looked worried. He seemed delighted to see me again.
In this function P2 denotes a state, as in:
Ex.: You seem surprised.
Active P2 used predicatively:
Ex.: The sun is not risen. Everybody is gone.
5. Verbals as a Part of a Compound Verbal Predicate.
Gerund:
In the combination with phrasal verbs the G forms a CVP of aspect. The finite phrasal verb denotes a phrase of the action expressed by the G. the most common phrasal verbs followed by the G are: to burst out, to go on, to keep on, to stop, to give up.
Ex.: Again u start arguing. Your health will improve as soon as u give up smoking.
Infinitive:
The inf. is used in CVP of 3 types: 1) in CVModalP after the modal verbs can, may, might, shall, should, will, would, need, dare, to be, to have.
Ex.: I can tell u nothing at all about him.
2) In CVPhrasalP after verbs denoting various stages of the action, such as its beginning, continuation or end. (to go on, to come, to begin, to start, to cease):
Ex.: now I begin to understand u.
After all these verbs the inf. retains to.
3) In the CVP which has no analogy in Russian. The 3 subtypes of this predicate can be distinguished according to the structure which constitutes the first part: 1) the first part is expressed by 1 of the following intransitive verbs in the active voice: to seem, appear, prove, turn out, happen, chance.
Ex.: The man seemed to have come from far off. Казалось, этот человек приехал откуда-то издалека.
2) the 1 part of the predicate is expressed by the passive voice forms of certain transitive verbs. They are: a) verbs of saying (announce, declare, report, say) – He is said to have returned at last. b) verbs of mental activity (believe, consider, expect, suppose, find, mean, think) – She is believed to be a clever girl. c) verbs of sense perception ( feel, hear, see, watch) – She was often seen to walk all alone. d) the verb to make – He was made to keep silent.
3) The 1part is expressed by the phrase: to be (un)likely, to be sure, to be certain. In this case only the non-perfect forms of the Inf. are used, with future reference. (She is likely to be late.)
In all these 3 subtypes the Inf. is always used with the particle to.
Participle 1:
Non-perfect P1 can be part of a CVP. Within this type of predicate the P follows verbs of sense perception in the passive voice, such as to see, hear, feel, find, catch, also causative verbs, such as to keep, leave.
Ex.: Ann was heard playing the piano. I was kept waiting an hour or so.