1. Syntactical and morphological characteristics of the Infinitive

Syntactical functions of P2.
As part of the sentence P2 may stand alone or be the headword of a participial phrase. It may function as an attribute (close or detached), predicative or as an AM.
3. Syntactical and morphological characteristics of the Gerund.
The G is a non-finite form of the verb with some noun features. It is formed by adding the suffix –ing to the stem of the verb.
The verbal character of G is manifested morphologically in the categories of voice and correlation and syntactically in its combinability. Thus, it may combine with a noun or a pronoun as direct, indirect or prepositional object, depending on the verb from which it is formed. It may also combine with an adverb or a prepositional phrase as an AM, or with a noun or adjective as a predicative.
The category of correlation.
The category of correlation in P1 finds it expression in the contrast of the non-perfect & perfect forms.
The indefinite G denotes an action simultaneous with that expressed by the finite verb. Ex.: I improve/ I improved/ I will improve my pronunciation… by listening to tape recordings.
The perfect G denotes an action prior to the action denoted by thr finite verb. Ex.: I regret/ I regretted/ I will always regret… having uttered these words.
The non-perfect G is more flexible in meaning and may easily be modified by the context.
The common G is generally used after verbs of recollection, gratitude, blame, reproach, punishment & reward. Ex.: I will never forget taking this exam. Thank u for helping me.
The non-perfect G is to be found in gerundial phrases introduced by the prepositions on and after. Ex.: On reaching the end of the street we turned towards the river.
The non-perfect G expresses a succeeding action after verbs, adjectives & prepositions implying reference to a future event (intend, insist, object, suggest) & after the preposition before: Ex.: I insist on your staying with us. Ann suggested going to the cinema.