the respirator during the course
of moderate to severe respiratory distress syndrome. Intravenous
fluids had been increased to
175 ml/kg/24 hours. Today the infant developed mild hypoxia and
hypercarbia necessitating
higher ventilator settings to maintain normal blood gas values. On
physical examination, the
precordium is active, the pulse pressure is wide, and a grade 2/6
systolic ejection murmur is
auscultated at the upper left sternal border with no radiation. After 24
hours of fluid restriction
and diuretic therapy, the respiratory status has not improveD. The
most appropriate diagnostic
test is
A. Renal ultrasonography
B. Echocardiography
C. A renal perfusion scan
D. An electrocardiogram
E. Cardiac catheterization
381. Which of the following are potential pulmonary complications
among immunocompromised
patients?
A. Pneumocystis carinii
B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C. Mycobacterium avium complex
D. All of the above
E. a and c only
382. What is used to treat ovarian failure or menstrual abnormalities?
A. Estrogen replacement
B. Gonadotropins
C. Trastuzumab
D. Goserelin
E. Anastrozole
383. A previously well 1-year-old infant has had a runny nose and
has been sneezing and coughing
for 2 days. Two other members of the family had similar symptoms.
Four hours ago, his cough
became much worse. On physical examination, he is in moderate
respiratory distress with nasal
flaring, hyperexpansion of the chest, and easily audible wheezing
without rales. Which of the
following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Bronchiolitis
B. Viral croup
C. Asthma
D. Epiglottitis
E. Diphtheria
384. Indicate the main cause for RDS development
A. Intrauterine growth retardation
B. Intranatal infection
C. Surfactant deficiency
D. Delayed absorption of foetal lung fluid
E. Ineffective resuscitation in delivery room
385. I n the initial development of a disease management program for
asthma in your managed-care
organization, the primary focus should be
A. the provision of an extensive patient education program
B. to ensure that all patients do home monitoring of peak flows
C. to ensure that your physicians only prescribe the least expensive
inhaled corticosteroid
D. to limit the frequency of patient consultation with specialists
E. to limit using of salbutamol
386. I n premature infants, routine immunizations should be:
A. Should not be administered during the first year of life
B. Administered according to post-natal (chronological) age
C. Administered according to corrected (post-conceptual) age
D. Administered at a corrected age of two months.
E. Administered at a post-natal age of two months.
387. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is used to
evaluate and treat diseases of the
A. stomach
B. rectum
C. biliary tree and pancreas
D. large intestine and rectum
E. colon
388. Which coagulation factors are so called vitamin K dependent?
A. II,VII,IX,X
B. II,VI,IX,XI
C. II,IV,VIII,IX
D. I,II,VII,XI
E. III,VIII,IX,X
389. Which of the following may be used to prevent some
methotrexate toxicities?
A. Vitamin D
B. Calcium supplementation
C. Folic acid
D. Vitamin E
E. Vitamin A
390. A newborn has been given positive-pressure ventilation for
approximately 30 seconds. Her heart
rate is 55 beats per minute. What should you do next?
A. Provide only tactile stimulation
B. Begin chest compressions and continue positive-pressure
ventilation
C. Give chest compressions only
D. Discontinue positive-pressure ventilation
E. Administer epinephrine
391. What disease leads to renal amyloidosis?
A. Chronic glomerulonephritis
B. Collagen nephropathy
C. Renal tuberculosis
D. Acute interstitial nephritis
E. Diabetic nephropathy
392. The major advantage of second generation antihistamines is:
A. They do cross the blood brain berrier and help patients to relax
B. They are very long acting
C. They cause decongestion as well as decreasing rhinorrhea
D. They minimally cross the blood brain barrier and have a
decreased sedative effect
E. They decrease appetite
393. An accurate description regarding the state and/or consequence
of childhood malnutrition is
A. over 75 percent of global childhood deaths under 5 years of age
are associated with
malnutrition
B. malnutrition in children less than 2 years of age is an
independent predictor of poor cognitive
development and can last beyond 10 years
C. the prevalence of childhood acute and chronic malnutrition in the
world has increased over
the past 15 years
D. children are more resistant and resilient to episodes of malnutrition
than adults:
394. Which of the following is used to treat diabetes mellitus?
A. Lotrel
B. Actrapid
C. Neuronit
D. Lotensin
E. Glucagon
395. Which of the following factors leads to neonatal
hyperbilirubinemia?
A. Shortened neonatal red cell life span
B. Impaired excretion of unconjugated bilirubin
C. Limited conjugation of bilirubin in the liver
D. Increased enterohepatic circulation
E. All of the above
396. W hat are the common findings of IgA nephropathy?
A. Heavy proteinuria
B. White cells
C. Isolated proteinuria
D. Pyuria
E. Gross hematuria post exercise or viral illness
397. A ntimicrobial resistance to H. pylori is most likely to occur with
which of the following agents?
A. Metronidazole and clarithromycin
B. Clarithromycin and tetracycline
C. Metronidazole and amoxicillin
D. Amoxicillin and tetracycline
E. Amoxicillin and clarithromycin
398. A n infant in the delivery room is noted to have respiratory
movements, but no air is entering the
lungs with the mouth closeD. The most likely diagnosis is
A. Narcosis
B. Choanal atresia
C. Diaphragmatic hernia
D. Pulmonary hypoplasia
E. Congenital heart disease
399. A 16-year-old girl is seen in the emergency room with a history
of Wolff-Parkinson-White
syndrome. She has no other problems or known heart disease. Now
she has a wide QRS
tachycardia and irregular in rhythm (rate 178 beats/min). At present,
her blood pressure is
stable, and she does not feel syncopal. Which of the following agents
best represents an
effective form of therapy prior to cardioversion?
A. Intravenous adenosine
B. Intravenous verapamil
C. Intravenous amiodarone
D. Intravenous lidocaine
E. Intravenous steroid
400. T he most suggestive pulmonary function for neuromuscular
disease is
A. a reduction in the total lung capacity (TLC)
B. a flat flow-volume loop
C. a reduced force vital capacity (FVC)
D. a reduced maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP)
E. a reduced maximum ventilatory volume
401. T he most common manifestation of rheumatoid nephropathy is:
A. Membranous glomerulonephritis
B. Amyloidosis
C. Chronic interstitial nephritis
D. Chronic pyelonephritis
E. Nephroangiosclerosis
402. I n providing patient education, which of the following has been
shown to result in reduced
emergency care utilization?
A. Teaching about the pathophysiology of asthma
B. Teaching self-management skills
C. Teaching inhaler technique
D. Teaching about the pharmacology of the drugs
E. Teaching about the asthma control
403. W hich of the following concerning viral pneumonias is correct?
A. With the exception of immunocompromised patients, viruses are a
major cause of pneumonia
in adult patients.
B. Influenza virus type B is the most common isolate in the adult
population
C. RSV, parainfluenza, and adenoviruses are common causes of
pneumonia in children
D. All of the above
E. a and b only
404. B one marrow aspiration in a patient with immune
thrombocytopenic purpura reveals:
A. Decreased number of megakaryocytes
B. Normal or increased number of megakaryocytes
C. Modest eosinophilia
D. Increased number of blast cells
E. Increased number of monocytes
405. W hich products should not be recommended at hyperoxaluria?
A. apples, grapes, pears, apricots
B. cooked meat, fish
C. potatoes, cabbage, cucumber
D. buckwheat, oats, wheat cereals
E. sorrel, beans, cheese
406. 1 7 year old boy with inflammatory bowel disease is noted to
haveAstring sign in the ileal area
on barium enema which is seen in the following conditions:
A. In the stenotic and nonstenotic phase of the disease.
B. In the stenotic phase only.
C. With gastric involvement.
D. With rectal involvement
407. D iastolic heart failure is characterized as
A. low ejection fraction
B. enlarged ventricular chamber
C. impaired diastolic relaxation
D. thin myocardial wall
E. thick myocardial wall
408. A 24-week-gestation fetus of an Rh-negative, antibody-positive
(sensitized) mother is noted on fetal
ultrasonography to have bilateral pleural effusions, ascites, and scalp
edema. The most effective
way to evaluate this fetus is to perform
A. Amniocentesis
B. Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling
C. Fetal real-time ultrasonography
D. Maternal serum α-fetoprotein determination
E. An oxytocin challenge test
409. Which of the following are contraindications to methotrexate
therapy?
A. Chronic hepatitis B infection
B. Creatinine clearance of 25 mg/dL
C. Immunodeficiency
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
410. The most common manifestation of rheumatoid nephropathy is:
A. Membranous glomerulonephritis
B. Amyloidosis
C. Chronic interstitial nephritis
D. Chronic pyelonephritis
E. Nephroangiosclerosis
411. W hich of the following statements is true concerning the use of
inhaled corticosteroids in
children with mild persistent asthma?
A. Inhaled corticosteroids are no more effective than cromolyn or
nedocromil
B. Inhaled corticosteroids are not recommended for children less than
5 years old
C. Inhaled corticosteroids are the most effective and do not
produce toxicity at recommended
doses
D. Inhaled corticosteroids in low doses are less effective than the
leukotriene modifiers
E. leukotriene modifiers are most effective than the inhaled
corticosteroids in high doses
412. P revention of rheumatic fever includes all the following except:
A. Accurate treatment of acute tonsillitis in children
B. Antistreptococcal vaccine
C. Intramuscular penicillin for children with rheumatic heart disease
every 3 weeks
D. community eardication of sterptococcal infections
413. T he first bath of a newborn is recommended:
A. Within the first 30 min after birth
B. At home after discharge
C.On the first day of life
D.Before discharge from Maternity
E.During the first 2 hrs after birth
414. I ntraarticular injection of long-acting corticosteroids may be of
use in
A. generalized flares of joint symptoms
B. patients who have rheumatoid nodules
C. patients with Cushing's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis
D. patients with one or a few active, swollen joints
E. b and c only
415. A n organism that commonly causes nosocomial infections in
the newborn is:
A. Klebsiella
B. Neisseria
C. Listeria
D. Streptococcus
E. E. coli
416. W hich of the following would be the most appropriate therapy
for the treatment of
Mycoplasmapneumonia in a patient with compliance issues and
currently receiving
theophylline?
A. Erythromycin
B. Azithromycin
C. Clindamycin
D. Clarithromycin
E. Ampicillin
417. W hich clinical problem is more specific for symmetrical growth-
retarded newborns in
comparison with simply preterm infants?
A. Respiratory distress syndrome
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hypothermia
D. Congenital anomalies
E. Infections
418. P atients who require regular daily prednisone should be
considered for which of the following
to prevent osteoporosis (assuming that they have good bone density
to begin with)?
A. Calcium and vitamin D
B. Estrogen in postmenopausal girl
C. Alendronate
D. Calcitonin
E. a and b above
419. W hich of the following is an indication for intubation?
A. "Pea-soup"-consistency meconium-stained amniotic fluid in a
vigorous newborn
B. Need for an emergency route to administer sodium bicarbonate
C. Suspected congenital inguinal hernia
D. Ineffective or prolonged bag-and-mask ventilation
420. Which infection is a typical perinatal infection
A. Cytomegalovirus
B. Rubella
C. Syphilis
D. HSV-infection
E. Toxoplasmosis
421. The most widely accepted explanation for the onset of preterm
labour is
A. Adrenal cortical suppression
B. Decidual activation and inflammatory cytokines
C. Increased levels of serum oxytocin
D. Premature, idiopathic activation of the normal labour process
E. Incompetency of cervix
422. What is the specific feature of a primary maternal infection?
A. Decreased avidity of specific IgG-antibodies
B. Presence of specific IgG-antibodies in maternal serum
C. Absence of specific IgМ- antibodies
D. Increased affinity of specific IgМ- antibodies
E. Lower risk of fetal injury
423. All of the following pathogens are a likely cause of early-onset
neonatal sepsis EXCEPT
A. Group B streptococcus
B. Listeria monocytogenes
C. Escherichia coli
D. Staphylococcus epidermidis
E. Haemophilus influenza
424. Which of the following is a measure of blood sugar after 4 or
more hours of no food?
A. Glucose tolerance test
B. Glucose overload test
C. Fasting glucose
D. Microalbumin test
E. Thyroid function test
425. I nsulin is produced in the:
A. b-cells of Langerhans islets
B. a-cells of Langerhans islets
C. j-cells of Langerhans islets
D. Exocrine part of pancreas
E. Ductus pancreaticus
426. Which one of the following disorder is X-linked dominant
transmission to the offspring?
A. Vitamin D-resistant rickets
B. Nephrogenic DI
C. Colour blindness
D. Chrismas disease
427. All are true of chorea except:
A. More common in girls
B. Delayed manifestation
C. ASO titre is commonly elevated
D. Usually associated with carditis
428. W hat must be the tactics of the physician in identifying
leukocyturia in girls?
A. Observation of worms, exclusion vulvovaginitis
B. Antibiotic therapy
C. Urinoseptics
D. Cystoscopy
E. Excretory urography
429. Which of the following is true regarding nosocomial
pneumonias?
A. Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacilli are rarely
associated with nosocomial
pneumonia.
B. Broad-spectrum antibiotics should be withheld until
microbiological cultures are available
C. Diagnosis is often difficult due to underlying lung pathology of
intensively ill patients
D. All of the above
E. a and b only
430. Monitoring of methotrexate therapy should include which of the
following:
A. complete blood count, AST or ALT, and albumin
B. complete blood count and urinalysis
C. eye examinations every 6 months
D. complete blood count, creatinine, and glucose
E. ultrasonography every 6 month
431. W hich of the following trace elements requires additional
supplementation in short bowel
syndrome patients?
A. Zinc
B. Chromium
C. Manganese
D. Iron
E. Copper
432. Which ONE of the following is TRUE about Stage I A Hodgkin’s
lymphoma?
A. It is associated with a raised serum lactate dehydrogenase
B. It may present with weight loss
C. It is best left untreated with a ―watch and wait‖ approach
D. It may be confined to the lymph nodes on one side of neck
E. It is more common in females
433. Treatment for diastolic heart failure includes
A. reducing symptoms
B. targeting disease that causes define diastolic heart
C. targeting underlying pathologic mechanisms
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
434. District pediatrician examines a healthy carried 1-month-old
chilD. The child is breast-feD.
Prophylaxis of what disease will the doctor recommend to do first?
A. Anemia
B. Hypotrophia
C. Rachitis
D. Spasmophilia
E. Parathropy
435. A potential reason for a more rapid progression of renal failure
than predicted would be
A. poorly controlled hypertension
B. volume depletion
C. drug-related effects
D. a and b
E. all the above
436. Main etiological factors of pyelonephritis are:
A. Bacteria
B. Viruses
C. Mycoplasma
D. Fungi
E. Aseptic inflammation
437. Which one of the following electrolytes usually must be restricted
in patients with acute renal
failure?
A. Chloride
B. Potassium
C. Bicarbonate
D. Calcium
E. Magnium
438. Late-onset neonatal sepsis in full-term infants could be
associated with which of the following?
A. 75% rate of meningitis
B. Osteoarticular infections
C. Group B streptococci
D. Escherichia coli
E. Clinical onset after 30 days of life
F.All of the above
439. The death of the infant described in Question 11 could have
been prevented by which one of the
following measures?
A. AquaMEPHYTON (vitamin K) at birth
B. Home-visitor services
C. Discontinuance of antibiotics
D. Proper use of an infant seat
440. What influences the SpO2 value?
A. Partial pressure of СО2 in arterial blood
B. Oxygen content of arterial blood
C. Partial pressure of О2 in arterial blood
D. Hb level in arterial blood ?
E. Partial pressure of СО2 in venous blood
441. The sum of the four primary lung volumes (tidal volume,
inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory
reserve volume, and residual volume) equals
A. the functional residual capacity (FRC)
B. the vital capacity (VC)
C. the total lung capacity (TLC)
D. the maximum ventilatory volume (MVV)
E. the reduced forced vital capacity (FVC)
442. T he second infant of a twin gestation in a primiparous mother
weighed 1500 g at 36 weeks'
gestation. Both twins were breast-fed and maintained in a neutral
thermal environment. On the
third day of life, the infant was noted to be hypotonic and to respond
poorly to stimuli. The most
likely diagnosis is
A. Polycythemia
B. Twin-twin transfusion syndrome
C. Kernicterus
D. Hypoglycemia
E. Renal vein thrombosis
443. A n organism that commonly causes nosocomial infections in
newborns is:
A. Klebsiella
B. Neisseria
C. Listeria
D. Streptococcus
E. E. coli
444. I ndicate the most important neonatal cardio-vascular problem
associated with perinatal asphyxia
A. Congenital heart disease
B. Congestive heart failure
C. Persistent pulmonary hypertension
D. Patent ductus arteriosus
E. Left-to-right shunting.
445. P ulmonary vascular resistance in an infant begins to diminish
rapidly following delivery. This
physiologic change is thought to be regulated primarily by
A. A rise in arterial PO2
B.A decrease in intrathoracic pressure
C.A reduction in the tortuosity of pulmonary vasculature
D. Closure of the ductus arteriosus
E. Release of humoral factors after cessation of placental
circulation
446. A ll the following criteria are used routinely to determine
evidence of malnutrition in children
except
A. iron indices
B. height for age
C. growth hormone
D. weight for height
E. a and d only
447. A 1-hour-old, 32-week-gestational-age infant develops
progressive cyanosis, grunting, flaring, and
retractions. The chest radiograph reveals a groundglass air
bronchogram pattern.
The infant now requires endotracheal intubation and mechanical
ventilation with 40% oxygen.
Antibiotics are administered after drawing blood for culture, but the
infant continues to require
Dostları ilə paylaş: |