bacteria “nearly impregnable.” As a result, an infection by bacteria that have
this cocktail would be less vulnerable, not more vulnerable. Choices (D) and
(E) are true about viral infections, but not bacterial infections.
7.
(A).
This Specific Detail question asks what is true about “intracellular
obligate parasites” (or IOPs, to give them a temporary abbreviation). The
second paragraph states: “Whereas bacteria reproduce asexually through
binary fission, viruses lack the necessary structures for reproduction, and so
are known as ‘intracellular obligate parasites.’” The word “so” toward the end
indicates that viruses are called IOPs because they “lack the necessary
structures for reproduction.” Choice (A) captures this idea.
8.
(B).
Articulate the main idea before reading the choices. Is the passage
really about supernovae, or is it about Galileo, the philosophers, and the ideas
being discussed? The fact that the “twist” occurs in the second paragraph (the
passage is not talking just about science—now it’s talking about history and
philosophy) supports the position that the second paragraph is more central to
the main idea and that the first paragraph is background information. Choice
(A) is wrong because it does not mention the main content of the second
paragraph, the ideas and assumptions that became controversial. It is also too
broad—giving a history of supernovae would take a lot more than two
paragraphs. Choice (B) is correct—the passage does describe a “shift in
thought” (from the unchangeable “heavens” to a more scientific view), and
this shift was prompted by a “natural event” (the supernova). Choice (C) is
attractive but does not describe the main idea. While Galileo and the
philosophers certainly had different views about the bright light they saw in
the sky, it’s not clear that philosophers had “views about supernovae” in
general. Choice (D) can be stricken due to “corroborate” (to prove true or
support with evidence). The passage is describing, not making an argument.
Finally, choice (E) is too broad. One could spend an entire career discussing
how science and philosophy interrelate. This passage covers a much more
narrow topic.
9.
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