14. –
1 and 5 only.
From the first equation, it seems that
y
could equal either 2
or –2, but if
x
2
y
= 18, then
y
must equal only 2 (otherwise,
x
2
y
would be
negative). Still, the squared
x
indicates that
x
can equal 3 or –3. So the
possibilities for
x
+
y
are:
3 + 2 = 5
(–3) + 2 = –1
15.
(C).
It is not necessary to calculate 10
11
or 3
13
. Because 10 is an even
number, so is 10
11
, and 0 is the remainder when any even is divided by 2.
Similarly, 3
13
is a multiple of 3 (it has 3 among its prime factors), and 0 is the
remainder when any multiple of 3 is divided by 3. Therefore, the quantities
are equal.
16.
(B).
The negative base –1 to any odd power is –1, and the negative base –
1 to any even power is 1. Since
q
is odd, Quantity A = –1 and Quantity B = 1.
17.
(A).
Before doing any calculations on a problem with negative bases
raised to integer exponents, check to see whether one quantity is positive and
one quantity is negative, in which case no further calculation is necessary.
Note that a negative base to an even exponent is positive, while a negative
base to an odd exponent is negative.
Since
n
is an integer, 4
n
is even. Thus, in Quantity A, (–1)
4
n
and (–1)
202
are
both positive, so Quantity A is positive. In Quantity B, (3)
3
is positive but (–
5)
5
is negative, and thus Quantity B is negative. Since a positive is by
definition greater than a negative, Quantity A is greater.
18.
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