a
10
and
a
11
, is exactly 10, regardless of the actual values of the two terms. The
difference between
a
10
and
a
12
is 10 + 10 = 20, or 10 × 2 = 20, because there
are two “steps,” or terms, to get from
a
10
to
a
12
. Starting from
a
10
, there is a
sequence of 5 terms to get to
a
15
. Therefore, the difference between
a
10
and
a
15
is 10 × 5 = 50.
28.
(D).
First, calculate Abraham’s score: 2
ps
– 45
m
, = 2(21)(30) – 45(10) =
1,260 – 450 = 810. Javed got a score of 810 also, but did 4 more push-ups
than Abraham, or 21 + 4 = 25 push-ups. So, the formula for Javed’s score is:
810 = 2
ps
– 45
m
810 = 2(25)
s
– 45(12)
810 = 50
s
– 540
1,350 = 50
s
s
= 27
29.
(E).
This problem defines a function for the made-up symbol #. In this
problem
a
= (–4) and
b
= 4. Plug the values into the function: (–4)
2
– (–4)
= 16 × 2 + 4 = 36. Do not forget to keep the parentheses around the –4! Also
note that only the positive root of 4 applies, because the problem has been
presented in the form of a real number underneath the square root sign.
30.
(C).
This problem defines a function for the made-up symbol $. The order
of operation rules (PEMDAS) stay the same even when the problem uses
made-up symbols. First, calculate the value of the expression in parentheses,
6$2. Plug
x
= 6 and
y
= 2 into the function:
. Replace 6$2
with 18 in the original expression to give 9$18. Again, plug
x
= 9 and
y
= 18
into the function:
.
31.
(D).
Both Amy and Bob start with $1,000 and earn 8% interest annually;
the difference is in how often this interest is compounded. Amy’s interest is
compounded twice a year at 4% each time (8% annual interest compounded 2
times a year means that she gets half the interest, or 4%, every 6 months).
Bob’s interest is compounded four times a year at 2% (8% divided by 4 times
per year) each time. After 6 months, Amy has $1,000 × 1.04 = $1,040.00 (one
interest payment at 4%) and Bob has $1,000 × (1.02)
2
= $1,040.40 (two
interest payments at 2%). The difference is $1,040.40 – $1,040.00 = $0.40.
Alternatively, Bob’s interest could be calculated as two separate payments.
After three months, Bob will have $1,000 × 1.02 = $1,020.00. After 6 months,
Bob will have $1,020 × 1.02 = $1,040.40.
32.
(D).
After each half-life, the sample is left with half of the isotopes it
started with in the previous period. After one half-life, the sample goes from
16,000 isotopes to 8,000. After two half-lives, it goes from 8,000 to 4,000.
Continue this pattern to determine the total number of half-lives that have
passed: 4,000 becomes 2,000 after 3 half-lives, 2,000 becomes 1,000 after 4
half-lives, 1,000 becomes 500 after 5 half-lives. The sample will have 500
isotopes after 5 half-lives. Thus, multiply 5 times the half-life, or 5 × 5,730 =
28,650 years.
Note that the answer choices are very spread apart. After determining that 5
half-lives have passed, estimate: 5 × 5,000 = 25,000 years; answer (D) is the
only possible answer.
33.
(B).
Substitute the expression for
g
(
x
) into the function for
f
(
x
), and set the
answer equal to 1. Since
g
(
x
) = 3
x
– 2, substitute the expression 3
x
– 2 in for
x
in the expression for
f
(
x
):
Since
f
(
g
(
x
)) = 1, solve the equation
= 1:
4 – 3
x
= 5
–3
x
= 1
x
= –
|