r
in the adjusted second equation and solve:
2(
s
– 12) =
s
+ 5
2
s
– 24 =
s
+ 5
2
s
=
s
+ 29
s
= 29
If Sebastian is 29 now, he will be 30 next year.
Check the answer. If Sebastian is 29 now, Rey is 17 now. Five years ago, they
were 24 and 12, respectively, and 12 is half of 24.
14.
(C).
If all the values given in a problem and its answers are
percents,
ratios
, or
fractions of
some unknown, then the problem will probably be
easiest to solve by stipulating values for the unknowns. In this problem, the
two ratios given are 3 : 1 (jeans sold : chinos sold) and 2 : 1 (profits per pair
of chinos : profits per pair of jeans). The easiest numbers to stipulate are:
3 pairs of jeans sold
1 pair of chinos sold
$2 profit/pair of chinos
$1 profit/pair of jeans
This yields $2 profit from the chinos out of a total $5 in profit: 2/5 = 40%.
15.
49.
Write each sentence as its own equation:
M
= 2
V
(
M
– 8) = 3(
V
– 8) – 6
Simplify the second equation before substituting for
M
from the first equation
into the second:
M
– 8 = 3
V
– 24 – 6
M
– 8 = 3
V
– 30
(2
V
) + 22 = 3
V
22 =
V
Thus,
M
= 44, and Marisol will be 49 years old in 5 years.
Check the answer. Eight years ago, Marisol was 36 and Vikram was 14. Three
times Vikram’s age at that time was 42, and Marisol was 6 years younger than
that.
16.
28.
Convert this word problem into two equations with two variables.
“The length is two more than twice the width” can be written as:
L
= 2
W
+ 2
Since the area is 40 and area is equal to length × width:
LW
= 40
Since the first equation is already solved for
L
, plug (2
W
+ 2) in for
L
into the
second equation:
(2
W
+ 2)
W
= 40
2
W
2
+ 2
W
= 40
Since this is now a quadratic (there are both a
W
2
and a
W
term), get all terms
on one side to set the expression equal to zero:
2
W
2
+ 2
W
– 40 = 0
Simplify as much as possible—in this case, divide the entire equation by 2—
before trying to factor:
W
2
+
W
– 20 = 0
(
W
– 4)(
W
+ 5) = 0
W
= 4 or –5
Since a width cannot be negative, the width is equal to 4. Since
LW
is equal to
40, the length must be 10. Now use the equation for perimeter to solve:
Perimeter = 2
L
+ 2
W
Perimeter = 2(10) + 2(4)
Perimeter = 28
Note that it might have been possible for you to puzzle out that the sides were
4 and 10 just by trying values. However, if you did this, you got lucky—no
one said that the values even had to be integers! The ability to translate into
equations and solve is very important for the GRE.
17.
(D).
To solve this problem, establish the following variables:
J
= original jean price
B
= original blouse price
Next, establish a system of equations, keeping in mind that “70% off” is the
same as 100% – 70% = 30%, or 0.3, of the original price:
|