J
+ 12 = 0.6
B
0.3
J
+ 0.6
B
= 84
Now use whatever strategy you’re most comfortable with to solve a system of
equations—for example, aligning the equations and then subtracting them:
You can plug the price of the blouse back into the original equation to get the
price of the jeans:
0.3
J
+ 12 = 0.6
B
0.3
J
+ 12 = 48
0.3
J
= 36
J
= 120
Alternatively, you could first figure out the price of the discounted jeans,
x
,
with this equation:
x
+ (
x
+ 12) = 84
2
x
+ 12 = 84
2
x
= 72
x
= 36
Then plug that discounted price into the equation
discounted price
=
original
price
×
(100% – percent discount):
36 = 0.3
P
360 = 3
P
120 =
P
18.
(D).
The equation for the perimeter of a space is 2
W
+ 2
L
=
P
, where
W
is
width and
L
is length.
The equation for the area is
A
=
W
×
L.
Thus:
0.44(
W
×
L
) = 2
W
+ 2
L
0.44(50
W
) = 2
W
+ 2(50)
22
W
= 2
W
+ 100
20
W
= 100
W
= 5
If
W
= 5 and
L
= 50, then the area of the hallway is 250 sq. ft., and the total
cost is: $4.25 × 250 = $1,062.50.
19.
(B).
Call the smallest bill
S
, the middle bill
M
, and the largest bill
L
.
M
is the same as the median, since there are only three values. The equation
for average is:
Incorporate the equation for averages into the following equation:
While the individual values of
S
and
L
are not given, their sum is:
412 = 2
M
+ 132
280 = 2
M
140 =
M
Finally, add
M
to the sum of
S
and
L
:
140 + 412 = 552
20.
(D).
Start by assigning variables:
C
= Number of collies
L
= Number of labs
G
= Number of golden retrievers
According to the given information:
G
= 66
L
= 66 – 12
L
= 54
Ratios work like fractions, and you can set them up accordingly:
Cross-multiplying and simplifying, you get:
C
= 30
Now take the number of collies and express it as a percent of the total number
of dogs:
Total # of Dogs = 30 + 54 + 66 = 150
= 20%
21.
(C).
The sum of Mason and Gunther’s ages 4 years from now requires
adding 4 to both ages.
The question asks for the following, the sum of Mason and Gunther’s ages 4
years from now:
(
M
+ 4) + (
G
+ 4) = ?
M
+
G
+ 8 = ?
Since Mason is twice as old as Gunther was 10 years ago, put (
G
– 10) in
parentheses and build the second equation from there (the parentheses are
crucial):
M
= 2(
G
– 10)
M
= 2
G
– 20
Note that the answer choices ask for the sum of the ages 4 years from now, in
terms of
G
, so substitute for
M
(the variable you substitute for is the one that
drops out).
Substituting from the second equation into the first:
(2
G
– 20) +
G
+ 8 = ?
3
G
– 12 = ?
This matches choice (C).
Alternatively, you could write the second equation,
M
= 2(
G
– 10), and then
come up with two values that “work” in this equation for
M
and
G
. The
easiest way to do this is to make up
G
, which will then tell you
M
. For
instance, set
G
= 12 (use any number you want, as long as it’s over 10, since
the problem strongly implies that Gunther has been alive for more than 10
years):
M
= 2(12 – 10)
M
= 4
If Gunther is 12, then Mason is 4. In four years, they will be 16 and 8,
respectively. Add these together to get 24.
Now, plug
G
= 12 into each answer choice to see which yields the correct
answer (for this example), 24. Only choice (C) works.
22.
(E).
The equation for the situation described is 7
x
+ 6
y
= 95, where
x
stands for the number of batches of chocolate chip cookies and
y
stands for
the number of batches of peanut butter cookies.
It looks as though this equation is not solvable, because there are two
variables and only one equation. However, since the baker can only make
whole batches,
x
and
y
must be integers, which really limits the possibilities.
Furthermore, the question asks for the
minimum
number of chocolate chip
cookies the baker could have made. So, try 1 for
x
and see if you get an
integer for
y
(use your calculator when needed!):
7(1) + 6
y
= 95
6
y
= 88
y
= 14.6…
Since this did not result in an integer number of batches of peanut butter
cookies, this situation doesn’t work. Try 2, 3, 4, etc. for
x
. (Don’t try values
out of order—remember, there might be more than one
x
value that works, but
you need to be sure that you have the smallest one!)
The smallest value that works for
x
is 5:
7(5) + 6
y
= 95
6
y
= 60
y
= 10
Remember that you need the minimum number of chocolate chip
cookies
, not
batches of cookies.
Since the minimum number of batches is 5 and there are 7
cookies per batch, the minimum number of chocolate chip cookies is 35.
23.
(B).
First, translate the problem into two equations, writing “Anke after
she gave Conrad 5 candies” as (
A
– 5) and “Conrad after receiving 5 more
candies” as (
C
+ 5):
A
=
C
– 5
4(
A
– 5) =
C
+ 5
Since
A
=
C
– 5, plug
C
– 5 in for
A
in the second equation:
4(
C
– 5 – 5) =
C
+ 5
4(
C
– 10) =
C
+ 5
4
C
– 40 =
C
+ 5
4
C
=
C
+ 45
3
C
= 45
C
= 15
If
C
= 15, then, since Anke has 5 fewer candies, she has
A
= 10.
Check the answer. If Anke starts with 10 candies, after giving 5 to Conrad she
has 5. If Conrad starts with 15 candies, he has 20 after receiving 5 from Anke.
It is true that 20 is 4 times 5.
24.
(A).
The key to this tricky-sounding problem is setting up variables
correctly and ensuring that you subtract or add appropriately for these
variables when representing their ages at different points in time:
L
= Lou’s age now
W
= Wen’s age now
M
= Mildred’s age now
T
= Tyla’s age now
Two equations come from the second sentence of the problem:
Equation 1: (
L
– 3) = 2(
T
– 3)
Equation 2: (
L
– 3) = (
M
– 3) + 30
Another two equations come from the third sentence of the problem:
Equation 3:
L
=
W
+ 47
Equation 4: (
W
+ 4) =
In order to solve this problem effectively, look for ways to get two of the
equations to have the same two variables in them. If you have two equations
with only two variables, you can solve for both of those variables. Equation 4
has a
W
and a
T
; the only other equation with a
T
is Equation 1. If you
substitute the
L
in Equation 1 with the
W
from Equation 3, you will have two
equations with just
W’
s and
T’
s.
Equation 1: (
L
– 3) = 2(
T
– 3)
(
W
+ 47) – 3 = 2(
T
– 3)
W
+ 44 = 2
T
– 6
W
+ 50 = 2
T
Equation 4: (
W
+ 4) =
2
W
+ 8 =
T
+ 4
2
W
+ 4 =
T
Now combine the equations to solve for
W
.
W
+ 50 = 2(2
W
+ 4)
W
+ 50 = 4
W
+ 8
W
+ 42 = 4
W
42 = 3
W
14 =
W
Now that you know Wen’s age, you can solve for the rest.
Equation 3:
L
=
W
+ 47
L
= 14 + 47
L
= 61
Equation 1: (
L
– 3) = 2(
T
– 3)
(61 – 3) = 2(
T
– 3)
58 = 2
T
– 6
64 = 2
T
32 =
T
Equation 2: (
L
– 3) = (
M
– 3) + 30
(61 – 3) = (
M
– 3) + 30
58 =
M
+ 27
31 =
M
Now that you know that
L
= 61,
W
= 14,
M
= 31, and
T
= 32, sum them to
find the answer:
61 + 14 + 31 + 32 = 138
25.
(E).
This question is difficult to translate. Begin by finding two things that
are equal, and build an equation around that equality.
Dwayne grew twice as
many bushels of pinto beans as navy beans
:
2(bushels of navy beans) = (bushels of pinto beans)
Break that down further:
bushels of navy beans = acres of navy beans × bushels per acre of navy
beans
bushels of pinto beans = acres of pinto beans × bushels per acre of pinto
beans
So:
2(acres of navy beans × bushels per acre of navy beans) =
(acres of pinto beans × bushels per acre of pinto beans)
“Each acre of navy beans yielded 27 bushels and each acre of pinto beans
yielded 36 bushels”:
2 × 27 × (acres of navy beans) = 36 × (acres of pinto beans)
Number of acres planted with pinto beans =
p
Number of acres planted with navy beans = 70 –
p
2 × 27(70 –
p
) = 36
p
54(70 –
p
) = 36
p
3,780 – 54
p
= 36
p
3,780 = 90
p
p
= 42
Check the answer. If Dwayne planted 42 acres of pinto beans, he planted 28
acres of navy beans. The yield of pinto beans was 42 × 36 = 1,512 bushels.
The yield of navy beans was 28 × 27 = 756 bushels, which was half the yield
of pinto beans.
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