5-theme: Contrasting the Lexical systems of the Languages

Кучли шамол – Cильный дождь – Heavy rain
Кучли ёмғир – Сильный ветер - Strong wind


Contrasting the Word-building systems .
Word-building is one of the main ways of enriching vocabulary. There are four main ways of word-building in modern English and Uzbek: affixation, composition, conversion, abbreviation. There are also secondary ways of word-building: sound interchange, stress interchange, sound imitation, blends, back formation.
Affixation. Affixation is one of the most productive ways of word-building throughout the history of English and Uzbek. It consists in adding an affix to the stem of a definite part of speech. Affixation is divided into suffixation and prefixation.
Suffixation. The main function of suffixes in Modern English is to form one part of speech from another, the secondary function is to change the lexical meaning of the same part of speech. ( e.g. «educate» is a verb, «educatee» is a noun, and « music» is a noun, «musicdom» is also a noun), in Uzbek: иш-чи, ош-паз, билим-дон. There are different classifications of suffixes :
1. Part-of-speech classification. Suffixes which can form different parts of speech are given here:
a) noun-forming suffixes, such as : -er (criticizer, темир-чи), -dom (officialdom),-ism (ageism), -гар (зар-гар), -паз (ошпаз) b) adjective-forming suffixes, such as : -able (breathable), less, - ли (билим-ли), -дор (ёлдор),(symptomless), -ous (prestigious),
c) verb-forming suffixes, such as -ize (computerize) , -ify (micrify), d) adverb-forming suffixes , such as : -ly (singly), -ward (tableward), -ла (аррала)
e) numeral-forming suffixes, such as -teen (sixteen), -ty (seventy), -инчи (саккизинчи).
2. Semantic classification . Suffixes changing the lexical meaning of the stem can be subdivided into groups, e.g. noun-forming suffixes can denote: a) the agent of the action, e.g. -er (experimenter), -ist (taxist), -ent(student), -чи (ёзувчи), -каш (аравакаш)
b) nationality, e.g. -ian (Russian), -ese (Japanese), -ish(English), -лик (хитойлик)
c) collectivity, e.g. -dom (moviedom), -ry (peasantry, -ship(readership), -ati ( literati),
d) diminutiveness, e.g. -ie (horsie), -let (booklet), -ling (gooseling), -ette (kitchenette), e) quality, e.g. -ness (copelessness), -ity (answerability), -чоқ (тойчоқ), -ча (болача).
3. Lexico-grammatical character of the stem. Suffixes which can be added to certain groups of stems are subdivided into:
a) suffixes added to verbal stems, such as : -er (commuter), -ing(suffering), - able (flyable), -ment (involvement), -ation (computerization), -ли (ейишли)
b) suffixes added to noun stems, such as : -less (smogless), ful (roomful), -ism (adventurism), -ster (pollster), -nik (filmnik), -ish(childish),
c) suffixes added to adjective stems, such as : -en (weaken), -ly(pinkly), -ish (longish), -ness (clannishness) –иш (қизғиш), -имтир (кўкимтир).