8.7 Stages
You need to think about progression through the stages of a lesson. You could
consider your lesson as a play or film unfolding Many teachers like to use a warmer at
the beginning of the lesson. Students come into the classroom “cold”, i.e. from a non-
English environment (unless of course they are studying in an English-speaking
country). A short activity that engages the students in something fun will warm them up
and get them using English. A warmer should ideally last around 5 to 10 minutes; any
longer and it’s moving towards a main activity, not a warmer.
For the main activities try to get a natural progression through them, where each one
builds on what came before. Move from presentation towards practice, receptive skills
towards productive. If there is a lot of speaking or language work, try to break it up with
the inclusion of other activities. You should also think about how you end your lessons;
it is more pleasant if you wind up the lesson and have time to take your leave from
your students. A pleasant way to end a lesson is to ask students what they have learnt
during the lesson; asking students what they learnt reinforces the learning process and
has them thinking about the activities, what the teacher did, as well as their own
contribution. You could also ask them which activities they enjoyed and didn’t enjoy;
you need to feel confident to do this but it will give you very valuable clues for planning
future lessons. You could word it as what would you like to do more of? Less of? Just
because they don’t like an activity, it doesn’t mean you failed as a teacher or that you
should leave it out of future lessons. There are many reasons for disliking something.
You can introduce it with a smile next time: “your favourite activity coming up!”
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