Agronomy
2022
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system quickly engages the correction devices, which comprise a peristaltic buffer device,
an aerator, an evaporative cooler, inlet and exhaust fans, and grow lights. The internet
remote access function enables real-time data transmission and receipt through the android
app amongst the smartphone and computer system. This study compared plant devel-
opment in smart aquaponics to traditional agriculture based on soil systems employing
image processing in two investigational operations. Following record collection, it was
determined that the smart aquaponics system achieved greater output than conventional
agriculture monitoring. As lettuce, mustard greens, and pak choi are produced in a smart
aquaponics system vs. traditional soil-based farming, this study focused exclusively on
lettuce, mustard greens, and pak choi [
21
].
A tree topology was used for the WSN-enabled agricultural monitoring system to
improve performance. A cheap sensor node like a commercial sensor or a NodeMCU
module transmits data to the control unit over Wi-Fi. Fertilizer, fertigation improvement,
and agricultural operations are monitored by data processing and thresholding. The in-
corporation of cost-effective ICT technology with traditional crop management or weather
monitoring and sensor data created the agronomic model. Minimal environmental impact
from crop growing was achieved as a consequence of large fertilizer and water savings [
22
].
2.6. Climate Conditions Monitoring
In farming, the weather is extremely important. Incorrect climate knowledge can
have an impact on crop quality and quantity. On the other hand, farmers may use IoT
solutions to put sensors in the field, including humidity sensors, temperature sensors,
rainfall sensors, and water level sensors, to collect real-time data from the environment.
These sensors monitor the state of crops and the environment in which they grow. If a
worrying environmental situation is discovered, it is either automatically corrected or a
warning is sent to the farmer.
Greenhouses created an Internet of Things-based weather station to address the cost
and accuracy issues. The TI CC2650 Sensor Tag and IBM Cloud Platform continuously
monitor weather and abiotic factors, transfer the detected values to the cloud, and send
e-mail notifications when values deviate. As a result, this study may be expanded to
include the use of ML model-based classification training to categorize a plant’s health as
excellent, moderate, or terrible based on the average temperature, humidity, light intensity,
and air pressure. This would help to clarify abstracts about a plant’s health to a larger level
and might aid in keeping the plants’ health in good shape [
23
].
Ariffin et al. [
24
] used an autonomous temperature control system to address the
drawbacks of traditional growing methods, which are expensive, have low yields, and
need a lot of care. The suggested IoT-based architecture was evaluated in a real-world
setting at the Bandar Puteri Centre of NASOM (National Autism Society of Malaysia).
The ideal temperature for oyster mushrooms is between 20 and 30
◦
C, with a humidity
level of 70 to 80%. Two sensors were installed in the mushroom house’s center and corner
to detect temperature and moisture, then communicated to a remote monitoring station
through a microcontroller unit for further action. The results of the six-day experiment
revealed that an effective automatic monitoring system, which can regulate the farm’s
home while reducing resources and human labor, was developed. The mushroom home,
IoT control box, and Web Client interface were all designed within the system. As a result,
the mushroom house provided a regulated environment for mushroom growing as well as
protection from pests and insects. The climate control system, which automates controlling
the ideal environment for oyster mushroom production, was housed in the IoT control box.
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