Chapter 12:
The First Period of
Development of the National
Socialist German Workers'
Party
If at the end of this volume I describe the first period in the
development of our movement and briefly discuss a number of
questions it raises, my aim is not to give a dissertation on the
spiritual aims of the movement. The aims and tasks of the new
movement are so gigantic that they can only be treated in a
special volume. In a second volume, therefore, I shall discuss the
programmatic foundations of the movement in detail and attempt
to draw a picture of what we conceive of under the word 'state.'
By 'us' I mean all the hundreds of thousands who fundamentally
long for the same thing without as individuals finding the words
to describe outwardly I what they inwardly visualize; for the
noteworthy fact about all reforms is that at first they possess but
a single champion yet many million supporters. Their aim has
often been for centuries the inner longing of hundreds of
thousands, until one man stands up to proclaim such a general
will, and as a standardbearer guides the old longing to victory in
the form of the new idea.
The fact that millions bear in their hearts the desire for a basic
change in the conditions obtaining today proves the deep
discontent under which they suffer. It expresses itself in
thousandfold manifestations with one in despair and
hopelessness, with another in ill will, anger, and indignation;
with this man in indifference, and with that man in furious
excesses. As witnesses to this inner dissatisfaction we may
consider those who are weary of elections as well as the many
who tend to the most fanatical extreme of the Left.
The young movement was intended primarily to appeal to these
last. It is not meant to constitute an organization of the contented
and satisfied, but to embrace those tormented by suffering, those
without peace, the unhappy and the discontented, and above all it
must not swim on the surface of a national body, but strike roots
deep within it.
In purely political terms, the following picture presented itself in
1918: a people torn into two parts. The one, by far the smaller,
includes the strata of the national intelligentsia, excluding all the
physically active. It is outwardly national, yet under this word
can conceive of nothing but a very insipid and weakkneed
defense of socalled state interests, which in turn seem identical
with dynastic interests. They attempt to fight for their ideas and
aims with spiritual weapons which are as fragmentary as they are
superficial, and which fail completely in the face of the enemy's
brutality. With a single frightful blow this class, which only a
short time before was still governing, is stretched on the ground
and with trembling cowardice suffers every humiliation at the
hands of the ruthless victor.
Confronting it is a second class, the broad mass of the laboring
population. It is organized in more or less radical Marxist
movements, determined to break all spiritual resistance by the
power of violence. It does not want to be national, but
consciously rejects any promotion of national interests, just as,
conversely, it aids and abets all foreign oppression. It is
numerically the stronger and above all comprises all those
elements of the nation without which a national resurrection is
unthinkable and impossible.
For in 1918 this much was clear: no resurrection of the German
people can occur except through the recovery of outward power.
But the prerequisites for this are not arms, as our bourgeois
'statesmen ' keep prattling, but the forces of the will. The German
people had more than enough arms before. They were not able to
secure freedom because the energies of the national instinct of
selfpreservation, the will for selfpreservation, were lacking.
The best weapon is dead, worthless material as long as the spirit
is lacking which is ready, willing, and determined to use it.
Germany became defenseless, not because arms were lacking,
but because the will was lacking to guard the weapon for national
survival.
If today more than ever our Left politicians are at pains to point
out the lack of arms as the necessary cause of their spineless,
compliant, actually treasonous policy, we must answer only one
thing: no, the reverse is true. Through your antinational,
criminal policy of abandoning national interests, you surrendered
our arms. Now you attempt to represent the lack of arms as the
underlying cause of your miserable villainy. This, like everything
you do, is lees and falsification.
But this reproach applies just as much to the politicians on the
Right. For, thanks to their miserable cowardice, the Jewish rabble
that had come to power was able in 1918 to steal the nation's
arms. They, too, have consequently no ground and no right to
palm off our present lack of arms as the compelling ground for
their wily caution (read ' cowardice '); on the contrary, our
defenselessness is the consequence of their cowardice.
Consequently the question of regaining German power is not:
How shall we manufacture arms? but: How shall we manufacture
the spirit which enables a people to bear arms? If this spirit
dominates a people, the will finds a thousand ways, every one of
which ends in a weapon ! But give a coward ten pistols and if
attacked he will not be able to fire a single shot. And so for him
they are more worthless than a knotted stick for a courageous
man.
The question of regaining our people's political power is
primarily a question of recovering our national instinct of self
preservation, if for no other reason because experience shows
that any preparatory foreign policy, as well as any evaluation of a
state as such, takes its cue less from the existing weapons than
from a nation's recognized or presumed moral capacity for
resistance. A nation1s ability to form alliances is determined
much less by dead stores of existing arms than by the visible
presence of an ardent national will for selfpreservation and
heroic deathdefying courage. For an alliance is not concluded
with arms but with men. Thus, the English nation will have to be
considered the most valuable ally in the world as long as its
leadership and the spirit of its byroad masses justify us in
expecting that brutality and perseverance which is determined to
fight a battle once begun t04 victorious end, with every means
and without consideration of time and sacrifices; and what is
more, the military armament existing at any given moment does
not need to stand in any proportion to that of other states.
If we understand that the resurrection of the German nation
represents a question of regaining our political will for self
preservation, it is also clear that this cannot be done by winning
elements which in point of will at least are already national, but
only by the nationalization of the consciously antinational
masses.
A young movement which, therefore, sets itself the goal of
resurrecting a German state with its own sovereignty will have to
direct its fight entirely to winning the broad masses. Wretched as
our socalled ' national bourgeoisie ' is on the whole, inadequate
as its national attitude seems, certainly from this side no serious
resistance is to be expected against a powerful domestic and
foreign policy in the future. Even if the German bourgeoisie, for
their wellknown narrowminded and shortsighted reasons,
should, as they once did toward Bismarck, maintain an obstinate
attitude of passive resistance in the hour of coming liberation an
active resistance, in view of their recognized and proverbial
cowardice, is never to be feared.
It is different with the masses of our internationally minded
comrades. In their natural primitiveness, they are snore inclined
to the idea of violence, and, moreover, their Jewish leadership is
more brutal and ruthless. They will crush any German
resurrection Just as they once broke the backbone of the German
army. But above all: in this state with its parliamentary
government they will, thanks to their majority in numbers, not
only obstruct any national foreign policy, but also make
impossible any higher estimation of the German strength, thus
making us seem uradesirable as an ally. For not only are we
ourselves aware of the element of weakness lying in our fifteen
million Marxists, detmocrats, pacifists, and Centrists; it is
recognized even more by foreign countries, which measure the
value of a possible alliance with us according to the weight of
this burden. No one allies himself with a state in which the
attitude of the active part of the population toward any
determined foreign policy is passive, to say the least.
To this we must add the fact that the leaderships of these parties
of national treason must and will be hostile to any resurrection,
out of mere instinct of selfpreservation. Historically it is just not
conceivable that the German people could recover its former
position without settling accounts with those who were the cause
and occasion of the unprecedented collapse which struck our
state. For before the judgment seat of posterity November, 1918,
will be evaluated, not as high treason, but as treason against the
fatherland.
Thus, any possibility of regaining outward German independence
is bound up first and foremost with the recovery of the inner
unity of our people's will.
But regarded even from the purely technical point of view, the
idea of an outward German liberation seems senseless as long as
the broad masses are not also prepared to enter the service of this
liberating idea. From the purely military angle, every officer
above all will realize after a moment's thought that a foreign
struggle cannot be carried on with student battalions, that in
addition to the brains of a people, the fists are also needed. In
addition, we must bear in mind that a national defense, which is
based only on the circles of the socalled intelligentsia, would
squander irreplaceable treasures. The absence of the young
German intelligentsia which found its death on the fields of
Flanders in the fall of 1914 was sorely felt later on. It was the
highest treasure that the German nation possessed and during the
War its loss could no longer be made good. Not only is it
impossible to carry on the struggle itself if the storming
battalions do not find the masses of the workers in their ranks;
the technical preparations are also impracticable without the
inner unity of our national will. Especially our people, doomed to
languish along unarmed beneath the thousand eyes of the
Versailles peace treaty, can only make technical preparations for
the achievement of freedom and human independence if the army
of domestic stoolpigeons is decimated down to those whose
inborn lack of character permits them to betray anything and
everything for the wellknown thirty pieces of silvery For with
these we can deal. Unconquerable by comparison seem the
millions who oppose the national resurrection out of political
convictionunconquerable as long as the inner cause of their
opposition, the international Marxist philosophy of life, is not
combated and torn out of their hearts and brains.
Regardless, therefore, from what standpoint we examine the
possibility of regaining our state and national independence,
whether frost the standpoint of preparations in the sphere of
foreign policy, from that of technical armament or that of battle
itself, in every case the presupposition for everything remains the
previous winning of the broad masses of our people for the idea
of our national independence.
Without the recovery of our external freedom, however, any
internal reform, even in the most favorable case, means only the
increase of our productivity as a colony. The surplus of all
socalled economic improvements falls to the benefit of our
international control commissions, and every social improvement
at best raises the productivity of our work for them. No cultural
advances will fall to the share of the German nation; they are too
contingent on the political independence and dignity of our
nation.
Thus, if a favorable solution of the German future requires a
national attitude on the part of the broad masses of our people,
this must be the highest, mightiest task of a movement whose
activity is not intended to exhaust itself in the satisfaction of the
moment, but which must examine all its commissions and
omissions solely with a view to their presumed consequences in
the future.
Thus, by 1919 we clearly realized that, as its highest aim, the
new movement must first accomplish the nationalization of the
masses.
From a tactical standpoint a number of demands resulted from
this.
(1) To win the masses for a national resurrection, no social
sacrifice is too great.
Whatever economic concessions are made to our working class
today, they stand in no proportion to the gain for the entire nation
if they help to give the broad masses back to their nation. Only
pigheaded shortsightedness, such as is often unfortunately found
in our employer circles, can fail to recognize that in the long run
there can be no economic upswing for them and hence no
economic profit, unless the inner national solidarity of our people
is restored.
If during the War the German unions had ruthlessly guarded the
interests of the working class, if even during the War they had
struck a thousand times over and forced approval of the demands
of the workers they represented on the dividendhungry
employers of those days; but if in matters of national defense
they had avowed their Germanism with the same fanaticism; and
if with equal ruthlessness they had given to the fatherland that
which is the fatherland's, the War would not have been lost. And
how trifiing all economic concessions, even the greatest, would
have been, compared to the immense importance of winning the
War!
Thus a movement which plans to give the German worker back
to the German people must clearly realize that in this question
economic sacrifices are of no importance whatever as long as the
preservation and independence of the national economy are not
threatened by them.
(2) The national education of the broad masses can only take
place indirectly through a social uplift, since thus exclusively can
those general economic premises be created which permit the
individual to partake of the cultural goods of the nation.
(3) The nationalization of the broad masses can never be
achieved by halfmeasures, by weakly emphasizing a socalled
objective standpoint, but only by a ruthless and fanatically
onesided orientation toward the goal to be achieved. That is to
say, a people cannot be made 'national' in the sense understood
by our presentday bourgeoisie, meaning with so and so many
limitations, but only nationalistic with the entire vehemence that
is inherent in the extreme. Poison is countered only by an
antidote, and only the shallowness of abourgeois mind can
regard the middle course as the road to heaven.
The broad masses of a people consist neither of professors nor of
diplomats. The scantiness of the abstract knowledge they possess
directs their sentiments more to the world of feeling. That is
where their positive or negative attitude lies. It is receptive only
to an expression of force in one of these two directions and never
to a halfmeasure hovering between the two. Their emotional
attitude at the same time conditions their extraordinary stability.
Faith is harder to shake than knowledge, love succumbs less to
change than respect, hate is more enduring than aversion, and the
impetus to the mightiest upheavals on this earth has at all times
consisted less in a scientific knowledge dominating the masses
than in a fanaticism which inspired them and sometimes in a
hysteria which drove them forward. Anyone who wants to win
the broad masses must know the key that opens the door to their
heart. Its name is not objectivity (read weakness), but will and
power.
(4) The soul of the people can only be won if along with carrying
on a positive struggle for our own aims, we destroy the opponent
of these aims.
The people at all times see the proof of their own right in ruthless
attack on a foe, and to them renouncing the destruction of the
adversary seems like uncertainty with regard to their own right if
not a sign of their own unriglxt.
The broad masses are only a piece of Nature and their sentiment
does not understand the mutual handshake of people who daim
that they want the opposite things. What they desire is the victory
of the stronger and the destruction of the weak or his
unconditional subjection.
The nationalization of our masses will succeed only when, aside
from all the positive struggle for the soul of our people, their
international poisoners are exterminated.
(5) All great questions of the day are questions of the moment
and represent only consequences of definite causes. Only one
amongall of them, however, possesses causal importance,land
that is the question of the racial preservation of the nation. In the
blood alone resides the strength as well as the weakness of man.
As long as peoples do not recognize and give heed to the
importance of their racial foundation, they are like men who
would like to teach poodles the qualities of greyhounds, failing to
realize that the speed of the greyhound like the docility of the
poodle are not learned, but are qualities inherent in the race.
Peoples which renounce the preservation of their racial purity
renounce with it the unity of their soul in all its expressions. The
divided state of their nature is the natural consequence of the
divided state of their blood, and the change in their intellectual
and creative force is only the effect of the change in their racial
foundations.
Anyone who wants to free the German blood from the
manifestations and vices of today, which were originally alien to
its nature, will first have to redeem it from the foreign virus of
these manifestations.
Without the clearest knowledge of the racial problem and hence
of the Jewish problem there will never be a resurrection of the
German nation.
The racial question gives the key not only to world history, but to
all human culture.
(6) Organizing the broad masses of our people which are today in
the international camp into a national people's community does
not mean renouncing the defense of justified class interests.
Divergent class and professional interests are not synonymous
with class cleavages but are natural consequences of our
economic life. Professional grouping is in no way opposed to a
true national community, for the latter consists in the unity of a
nation in all those questions which affect this nation as such.
The integration of an occupational group which has become a
class with the national community, or merely with the state, is
not accomplished by the lowering of higher dasses but by
uplifting the lower dasses. This process in turn can never be
upheld by the higher class, but only by the lower class fighting
for its equal rights. The presentday bourgeoisie was not
organized into the state by measures of the nobility, but by its
own energy under its own leadership.
The German worker will not be raised to the framework of the
German national community via feeble scenes of fraternization,
but by a conscious raising of his social and cultural situation until
the most serious differences may be viewed as bridged. A
movement which sets this development as its goal will have to
take its supporters primarily from this camp.' It may fall back on
the intelligentsia only in so far as the latter has completely
understood the goal to be achieved. This process of
transformation and equalization will not be completed in ten or
twenty years; experience shows that it comprises many
generations.
The severest obstade to the presentday worker's approach to the
national community lies not in the defense of his class interests,
but in his international leadership and attitude which are hostile
to the people and the fatherland. The same unions with a
fanatical national leadership in political and national matters
would make millions of workers into the most valuable members
of their nation regardless of the various struggles that took place
over purely economic matters.
A movement which wants honestly to give the German worker
back to his people and tear him away from the international
delusion must sharply attack a conception dominant above all in
employer circles, which under national community understands
the unresisting economic surrender of the employee to the
employer and which chooses to regard any attempt at
safeguarding even justified interests regarding the employee's
economic existence as an attack on the national community. Such
an assertion is not only untrue, but a conscious lie, because the
national community imposes its obligations not only on one side
but also on the other.
Just as surely as a worker sins against the spirit of a real national
community when, without regard for the common welfare and
the survival of a national economy, he uses his power to raise
extortionate demands, an employer breaks this community to the
same extent when he conducts his business in an inhuman,
exploiting way, misuses the national labor force and makes
millions out of its sweat. He then has no right to designate
himself as national, no right to speak of a national community;
no, he is a selfish scoundrel who induces social unrest and
provokes future conflicts which whatever happens must end in
harming the nation.
Thus, the reservoir from which the young movement must gather
its supporters will primarily be the masses of our workers. Its
work will be to tear these away from the international delusion,
to free them from their social distress, to raise them out of their
cultural misery and lead them to the national community as a
valuable, united factor, national in feeling and desire.
If, in the circles of the national intelligentsia, there are found men
with the warmest hearts for their people and its future, imbued
with the deepest knowledge of the importance of this struggle for
the soul of these masses, they will be highly welcome in the
ranks of this movement, as a valuable spiritual backbone. But
winning over the bourgeois voting cattle can never be the aim of
this movement. If it were, it would burden itself with a dead
weight which by its whole nature would paralyze our power to
recruit from the broad masses. For regardless of the theoretical
beauty of the idea of leading together the broadest masses from
below and from above within the framework of the movement,
there is the opposing fact that by psychological propagandizing
of bourgeois masses in general meetings, it may be possible to
create moods and even to spread insight, but not to do away with
qualities of character or, better expressed, vices whose
development and origin embrace centuries. The difference with
regard to the cultural level on both sides and the attitude on both
sides toward questions raised by economic interests is at present
still so great that, as soon as the intoxication of the meetings has
passed, it would at once manifest itself as an obstacle.
Finally, the goal is not to undertake a reskatification in the camp
that is national to begin with, but to win over the antinational
camp.
And this point of view, finally, is determining for the tactical
attitude of the whole movement.
(7) This onesided but thereby clear position must express itself
in the propaganda of the movement and on the other hand in turn
is required on propagandist grounds.
If propaganda is to be effective for the movement, it must be
addressed to only one quarter, since otherwise, in view of the
difference in the intellectual training of the two camps in
question, either it will not be understood by the one group, or by
the other it would be rejected as obvious and therefore
uninteresting Even the style and the tone of its individual
products cannot be equally effective for two such extreme
groups. If propaganda renounces primitiveness of expression, it
does not find its way to the feeling of the broad masses. If,
however, in word and gesture, it uses the masses' harshness of
sentiment and expression, it will be rejected by the socalled
intelligentsia as coarse and vulgar. Among a hundred socalled
speakers there are hardly ten capable of speaking with equal
effect today before a public consisting of street.sweepers,
locksmiths, sewercleaners, etc., and tomorrow holding a lecture
with necessarily the same thought content in an auditorium full
of university professors and students. But among a thousand
speakers there is perhaps only a single one who can manage to
speak to locksmiths and university professors at the same time, in
a form which not only is suitable to the receptivity of both
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